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Abordagem de pacientes pediátricos com anquiloglossia
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A anquiloglossia, referida também como freio lingual curto, é uma malformação congénita da cavidade oral distinguida por uma restrição anatómica da capacidade de movimentação da língua, resultante de um freio lingual espesso, curto ou mal inserido.
Esta condição pode comprometer de forma significativa funções essenciais do sistema estomatognático, como a amamentação, a fala, a mastigação, a deglutição e a respiração, influenciando diretamente o desenvolvimento craniofacial, a postura corporal e o bem-estar do paciente pediátrico.
O diagnóstico da anquiloglossia requer uma avaliação criteriosa, com enfase funcional e morfológico, através da aplicação de instrumentos clínicos validados, como o Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool, o Lingual Frenulum Evaluation Protocol for Infants e a ferramenta de Hazelbaker. A deteção precoce desta anomalia, idealmente nos primeiros dias de vida, é essencial para prevenir as suas repercussões a curto e longo prazo.
As opções terapêuticas dividem-se entre abordagens conservadoras, como a terapia da fala e a terapia miofuncional orofacial, e intervenções cirúrgicas, como a frenotomia e a frenetcomia, sendo esta última realizada por técnicas convencionais ou com recurso a tecnologias como o laser ou o eletrocautério. A escolha do tratamento deve ser individualizada, baseado na gravidade da restrição funcional, na idade do paciente e na presença de sintomas associados.
Assim, o objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar de forma abrangente as alterações do freio lingual, os seus impactos funcionais e estruturais, os métodos de diagnóstico disponíveis, o momento ideal para intervir e as diferentes possibilidades terapêuticas, evidenciando a necessidade de uma abordagem multidisciplinar centrada no bem-estar e desenvolvimento global da criança.
Ankyloglossia, also reffered to as short lingual frenum, is a congenital malformation of the oral cavity distinguished by na anatomical restriction of tongue´s ability to move, resulting from a thick, small or poorly inserted lingual frenum. This condition can significantly compromise essential functions of the stomatognathic system, such as breastfeeding, speech, chewing, swallowing and breathing, directly influencing craniofacial development, body posture and the well-being of pediatric patients. The diagnosis of ankyloglossia requires a careful assessment, with a functional and morphological focus, using validated clinial instruments such as the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool, the Lingual Frenulum Evaluation Protocol for Infants and the Hazelbaker tool. Early detection of this anomaly, ideally in the first few days of life, is essential to prevent its short- and long-term repercussions. Therapeutic options range from conservative approaches, such as speech therapy and orofacial myofunctional therapy, to surgical interventions, such as frenotomy and frenectomy, the latter performed using conventional techniques or technologies such as laser or electrocautery. The choice of treatmente must be individualized, based on the severity of the functional restriction, the patient´s age and the presence of associated symptoms. Therefore, the main objective of this dissertation is to comprehensive analyze the alterations of the lingual frenum, their functional and structural impacts, the diagnostic methods available, the ideal time to intervene and the different therapeutic possibilities, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach focused on the well-being and overall development of the child.
Ankyloglossia, also reffered to as short lingual frenum, is a congenital malformation of the oral cavity distinguished by na anatomical restriction of tongue´s ability to move, resulting from a thick, small or poorly inserted lingual frenum. This condition can significantly compromise essential functions of the stomatognathic system, such as breastfeeding, speech, chewing, swallowing and breathing, directly influencing craniofacial development, body posture and the well-being of pediatric patients. The diagnosis of ankyloglossia requires a careful assessment, with a functional and morphological focus, using validated clinial instruments such as the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool, the Lingual Frenulum Evaluation Protocol for Infants and the Hazelbaker tool. Early detection of this anomaly, ideally in the first few days of life, is essential to prevent its short- and long-term repercussions. Therapeutic options range from conservative approaches, such as speech therapy and orofacial myofunctional therapy, to surgical interventions, such as frenotomy and frenectomy, the latter performed using conventional techniques or technologies such as laser or electrocautery. The choice of treatmente must be individualized, based on the severity of the functional restriction, the patient´s age and the presence of associated symptoms. Therefore, the main objective of this dissertation is to comprehensive analyze the alterations of the lingual frenum, their functional and structural impacts, the diagnostic methods available, the ideal time to intervene and the different therapeutic possibilities, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach focused on the well-being and overall development of the child.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Anquiloglossia Freio lingual Frenectomia Odontopediatria