Publicação
A multifunctional dendrimer for BPA-free dental adhesives : polymerization behavior and cytotoxic profile of G-IEMA
| datacite.subject.fos | Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde | |
| datacite.subject.sdg | 03:Saúde de Qualidade | |
| dc.contributor.author | Monteiro, Diogo | |
| dc.contributor.author | Barbier, Margot | |
| dc.contributor.author | Delgado, António H. S. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Gonçalves, Luísa | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chaves-Ferreira, Miguel | |
| dc.contributor.author | Cruz, Joana Vasconcelos e | |
| dc.contributor.author | Polido, Mário | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-04-27T13:42:49Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-04-27T13:42:49Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-12 | |
| dc.description.abstract | To determine whether substituting Bis-GMA for dendritic macromer G-IEMA in a universal adhesive alters real-time cure/post-cure performance and in-vitro cytotoxicity. Polymerization kinetics of five neat monomers (Bis-GMA, G-IEMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, HEMA) and four adhesives, two commercial controls (Scotchbond Universal, Futurabond M+) and two experimental formulations differing only in the base monomer, EXP-BIS vs. EXP-G, with 25 wt% of Bis-GMA or G-IEMA, respectively, were monitored by real-time ATR-FTIR for 20 min cure/post-cure (n = 3). Key outputs were final degree of conversion (DCmax), maximum polymerization rate (Rpmax) and half-time (t0.5). Cytocompatibility was assessed on primary human dental-pulp cells via 24 h MTT and propidium-iodide (PI) assays using extracts of polymerized and non-polymerized specimens (n = 12). Among homopolymers, DCmax did not differ (one-way ANOVA, p = 0.24) while Rp,max did (p < 0.0001), with G-IEMA and TEGDMA faster than Bis-GMA; t0.5 was similar (p = 0.15). Across adhesives, DCmax (p = 0.06), Rpmax (p = 0.89) and t0.5 (p = 0.27) were comparable; EXP-GI reached the highest DCmax (≈89 %). G-IEMA was less cytotoxic than Bis-GMA in both assays: MTT +20 % and +51 % in non-polymerized and polymerized extracts, respectively; PI −40 % and −54 % (all pairwise p < 0.01). For adhesive extracts, MTT showed a main effect of adhesive (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.001) but no treatment effect/interaction; relative to Scotchbond, EXP-GI supported +6.7 % (non-polymerized) and +18.2 % higher metabolic activity, while all adhesives remained below the control (p < 0.001). After polymerization, EXP-GI exhibited 17 % lower apoptosis than Scotchbond (p = 0.049) and 11 % lower than Futurabond (p < 0.05). G-IEMA can replace Bis-GMA without compromising cure efficiency or increasing acute cytotoxicity, supporting its use in BPA-free universal adhesives. | eng |
| dc.identifier.citation | Diogo Monteiro, Margot Barbier, António HS Delgado, Luísa Gonçalves, Miguel Chaves-Ferreira, Joana Vasconcelos e Cruz, Mário Polido, A multifunctional dendrimer for BPA-free dental adhesives: Polymerization behavior and cytotoxic profile of G-IEMA, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Volume 143, 2025, 104162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104162 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104162 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 0143-7496 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/62897 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | |
| dc.peerreviewed | yes | |
| dc.publisher | Elsevier | |
| dc.relation.hasversion | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104162 | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject | Dendrimer | |
| dc.subject | G-IEMA | |
| dc.subject | Universal adhesive | |
| dc.subject | Polymerization kinetics | |
| dc.subject | Cytotoxicity | |
| dc.subject | Bis-GMA substitute | |
| dc.title | A multifunctional dendrimer for BPA-free dental adhesives : polymerization behavior and cytotoxic profile of G-IEMA | eng |
| dc.type | contribution to journal | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| oaire.citation.startPage | 104162 | |
| oaire.citation.title | International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives | |
| oaire.citation.volume | 143 | |
| oaire.version | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |