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Prevalência de doenças orais em atletas de alta competição : uma revisão sistemática
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: Apesar do reconhecimento crescente da importância de abordagens multidisciplinares no contexto desportivo, a saúde oral continua, em grande parte, a ser negligenciada. A integração sistemática de avaliações dentárias regulares, aliada à implementação de estratégias preventivas, constitui um pilar essencial para suprir uma lacuna persistente na preparação holística do atleta de alta competição, contribuindo para a otimização do seu rendimento e bem-estar geral.
Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de cárie dentária, doença periodontal e erosão dentária em atletas de alta competição.
Materiais e Métodos: Foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática fundamentada na estratégia PECO (População, Exposição, Comparador, Outcome). A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science e Scopus. Foram incluídos estudos observacionais, nomeadamente de desenho transversal, de coorte e de caso-controlo, que apresentassem dados quantitativos relativos à prevalência de patologias orais em atletas de alta competição.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 11 estudos (n = 1092 atletas). A análise quantitativa foi realizada por desfecho, com 3 a 6 estudos em cada meta-análise. A prevalência de cárie foi de 51 % (IC 95 %: 35366 %), periodontite 27 % (17340 %), gengivite 61 % (44376 %) e erosão dentária 34 % (8374 %). A média de lesões de cárie foi de 1,46 e o índice CPO médio de 3,73. A heterogeneidade foi elevada em todos os desfechos (I² = 82399 %).
Conclusão: A elevada heterogeneidade entre os estudos incluídos (I² = 82399%), a ausência de ajustamento para variáveis de confusão e a variabilidade dos métodos diagnósticos utilizados limitam a robustez das estimativas. Ainda assim, os resultados revelam uma carga relevante de doença oral entre atletas de elite, reforçando a necessidade urgente de integrar a saúde oral nos programas clínicos de acompanhamento desportivo, com enfoque na prevenção, rastreio e educação em saúde oral.
Introduction: Despite the growing recognition of the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in the sports context, oral health remains largely overlooked. The systematic integration of regular dental assessments, combined with the implementation of preventive strategies, constitutes a key pillar in addressing a persistent gap in the holistic preparation of elite athletes, contributing to the optimisation of their performance and overall well-being. Objective: To assess the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, and dental erosion in elite athletes. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PECO strategy. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control) with quantitative data on the prevalence of oral diseases in elite athletes were included. Studies based solely on questionnaires, reviews, or those lacking clinical examination were excluded. Results: Eleven studies were included (n = 1092 athletes). Quantitative analysis was conducted per outcome, including 3 to 6 studies per meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of dental caries was 51% (95% CI: 35366%), periodontitis 27% (17340%), gingivitis 61% (44376%), and dental erosion 34% (8374%). The mean number of carious lesions was 1.46, and the mean DMFT index was 3.73. Heterogeneity was high across all outcomes (I² = 82399%). Conclusion: The high heterogeneity among the included studies (I² = 82399%), the lack of adjustment for confounding variables, and the variability in diagnostic methods limit the robustness of the estimates. Nevertheless, the results indicate a significant burden of oral disease among elite athletes, reinforcing the urgent need to integrate oral health into clinical sports medicine programmes, with a focus on prevention, screening, and oral health education.
Introduction: Despite the growing recognition of the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in the sports context, oral health remains largely overlooked. The systematic integration of regular dental assessments, combined with the implementation of preventive strategies, constitutes a key pillar in addressing a persistent gap in the holistic preparation of elite athletes, contributing to the optimisation of their performance and overall well-being. Objective: To assess the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, and dental erosion in elite athletes. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PECO strategy. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control) with quantitative data on the prevalence of oral diseases in elite athletes were included. Studies based solely on questionnaires, reviews, or those lacking clinical examination were excluded. Results: Eleven studies were included (n = 1092 athletes). Quantitative analysis was conducted per outcome, including 3 to 6 studies per meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of dental caries was 51% (95% CI: 35366%), periodontitis 27% (17340%), gingivitis 61% (44376%), and dental erosion 34% (8374%). The mean number of carious lesions was 1.46, and the mean DMFT index was 3.73. Heterogeneity was high across all outcomes (I² = 82399%). Conclusion: The high heterogeneity among the included studies (I² = 82399%), the lack of adjustment for confounding variables, and the variability in diagnostic methods limit the robustness of the estimates. Nevertheless, the results indicate a significant burden of oral disease among elite athletes, reinforcing the urgent need to integrate oral health into clinical sports medicine programmes, with a focus on prevention, screening, and oral health education.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Atletas de alta competição Cárie Doença periodontal Saúde oral