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Do afastamento de território nacional: análise crítica das operações de retorno efetuadas pela PSP
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O estudo analisa criticamente o afastamento de cidadãos estrangeiros do território nacional, com especial incidência nas operações de retorno executadas pela Polícia de Segurança Pública após a extinção do Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras. Partindo de um enquadramento jurídico e institucional, a investigação examina a conformidade das práticas operacionais da PSP com os princípios da legalidade, proporcionalidade e dignidade humana, consagrados na Constituição da República Portuguesa, na Diretiva 2008/115/CE e nos instrumentos internacionais de proteção dos direitos fundamentais. Metodologicamente, o trabalho assenta numa análise documental e normativa,
complementada por revisão bibliográfica e análise comparada, permitindo caracterizar as modalidades de afastamento coercivo e de expulsão judicial, bem como os mecanismos de monitorização nacionais e europeus. Os resultados evidenciam que a PSP consolidou progressivamente a sua competência neste domínio, através da normalização procedimental, da cooperação interinstitucional e do reforço da formação ética e jurídica dos seus efetivos. Contudo, persistem desafios estruturais relacionados com a capacitação técnica, a comunicação institucional e a necessidade de reforço dos mecanismos de controlo e transparência. Conclui-se que a eficácia e a legitimidade das operações de afastamento dependem da capacidade do Estado em equilibrar a autoridade coerciva com o respeito pelos direitos humanos, condição essencial para a consolidação do Estado de Direito Democrático e para a credibilidade internacional de Portugal na gestão das políticas migratórias.
This study provides a critical analysis of the removal of foreign citizens from Portuguese territory, with particular focus on the return operations carried out by the Public Security Police (PSP) following the dissolution of the Immigration and Borders Service (SEF). Based on a legal and institutional framework, the research examines the compliance of PSP operational practices with the principles of legality, proportionality, and human dignity enshrined in the Portuguese Constitution, Directive 2008/115/EC, and the international instruments for the protection of fundamental rights.Methodologically, the study is grounded in documentary and normative analysis, complemented by a literature review and comparative examination, allowing for the characterization of both coercive removal and judicial expulsion procedures, as well as national and European monitoring mechanisms. The results indicate that the PSP has progressively consolidated its competence in this domain through procedural standardization, interinstitutional cooperation, and the reinforcement of ethical and legal training among its personnel. Nevertheless, structural challenges remain, particularly regarding technical capacity, institutional communication, and the need to strengthen control and transparency mechanisms.It is concluded that the effectiveness and legitimacy of removal operations depend on the State’s ability to balance coercive authority with respect for human rights—an essential condition for the consolidation of the democratic rule of law and for Portugal’s international credibility in the management of migration policies.
This study provides a critical analysis of the removal of foreign citizens from Portuguese territory, with particular focus on the return operations carried out by the Public Security Police (PSP) following the dissolution of the Immigration and Borders Service (SEF). Based on a legal and institutional framework, the research examines the compliance of PSP operational practices with the principles of legality, proportionality, and human dignity enshrined in the Portuguese Constitution, Directive 2008/115/EC, and the international instruments for the protection of fundamental rights.Methodologically, the study is grounded in documentary and normative analysis, complemented by a literature review and comparative examination, allowing for the characterization of both coercive removal and judicial expulsion procedures, as well as national and European monitoring mechanisms. The results indicate that the PSP has progressively consolidated its competence in this domain through procedural standardization, interinstitutional cooperation, and the reinforcement of ethical and legal training among its personnel. Nevertheless, structural challenges remain, particularly regarding technical capacity, institutional communication, and the need to strengthen control and transparency mechanisms.It is concluded that the effectiveness and legitimacy of removal operations depend on the State’s ability to balance coercive authority with respect for human rights—an essential condition for the consolidation of the democratic rule of law and for Portugal’s international credibility in the management of migration policies.
Descrição
Trabalho individual do Curso de Comando e Direção Policial.
Palavras-chave
afastamento coercivo direitos fundamentais diretiva de retorno. coercive removal fundamental rights return directive
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Licença CC
Sem licença CC