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Tumores Em Equinos - Métodos De Diagnóstico Em Patologia
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Na medicina equina as neoplasias são uma preocupação crescente para os médicos
veterinários devido à sua frequência e à correlação com morbidade e mortalidade significativas.
Atualmente, a maioria das neoplasias diagnosticadas está localizada no sistema tegumentar,
aparecendo geralmente sob a forma de massas visíveis e palpáveis. Destes, os sarcóides, carcinomas
e melanomas são os mais frequentemente identificados. A incidência de neoplasias internas, por sua
vez, é frequentemente subestimada, principalmente pela ausência de lesões visíveis, sendo o linfoma
uma das neoplasias internas mais frequentemente diagnosticadas neste contexto. Do ponto de vista
clínico, o tipo de lesão associado e a sua localização permitem muitas vezes estabelecer um
diagnóstico presuntivo. No entanto, mesmo que estas neoplasias sejam facilmente detectáveis, a sua
identificação nem sempre é óbvia e podem por vezes ser confundidas com outras patologias. Em
geral, a verdadeira incidência de neoplasias em equinos é difícil de estabelecer, visto que a maioria
dos estudos se baseia em casos tratados nos centros de referência, não tendo em consideração os
casos observados no campo. Adicionalmente é importante referir a importância dos diferentes meios
de diagnóstico disponíveis para estas neoplasias. Apesar de, às vezes, ser difícil de implementar, o
exame histopatológico continua a ser o método de eleição na obtenção de um diagnóstico definitivo.
Neste contexto esta revisão visa reunir dados científicos actuais sobre a etiología, a oncogénese, o
aspecto macroscópico e diagnóstico histopatológico de neoplasias comuns dos equídeos,
nomeadamente o sarcóide, o carcinoma de células escamosas, o melanoma e o linfoma, a fim de
facilitar o seu diagnóstico.
In equine medicine, neoplasms are becoming an increasing concern for veterinarians due to their increasing frequency and correlation with significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, the majority of neoplastic tumors diagnosed are located in the integumentary system, appearing usually in the form of palpable masses. Among these, sarcoids, carcinomas and melanomas are the most frequently identified, although there are other less common types. The incidence of internal neoplasia, however, is often underestimated, especially in the absence of visible tumors. Lymphoma is one of the most frequently diagnosed internal neoplasms in this context. From a clinical point of view, the type of associated injury and its location often allow a presumptive diagnosis to be established. However, even though these tumors are easily detectable, their identification is not always obvious and can sometimes be confused with other pathologies. In general, the real incidence of neoplasia in horses is difficult to establish, as most studies are based on cases treated in reference centers, not considering cases observed in the field. Moreover, it is important to mention the relevance of the different methods of diagnosis available for these neoplasms. Despite sometimes being difficult to implement, histopathological examination continues to be the method of choice for obtaining a definitive diagnosis. This work aims to summarize the current scientific data on the etiology, oncogenesis, macroscopic appearance and histopathological diagnosis of common equine neoplasia, including sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and lymphoma, in order to facilitate their diagnosis.
In equine medicine, neoplasms are becoming an increasing concern for veterinarians due to their increasing frequency and correlation with significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, the majority of neoplastic tumors diagnosed are located in the integumentary system, appearing usually in the form of palpable masses. Among these, sarcoids, carcinomas and melanomas are the most frequently identified, although there are other less common types. The incidence of internal neoplasia, however, is often underestimated, especially in the absence of visible tumors. Lymphoma is one of the most frequently diagnosed internal neoplasms in this context. From a clinical point of view, the type of associated injury and its location often allow a presumptive diagnosis to be established. However, even though these tumors are easily detectable, their identification is not always obvious and can sometimes be confused with other pathologies. In general, the real incidence of neoplasia in horses is difficult to establish, as most studies are based on cases treated in reference centers, not considering cases observed in the field. Moreover, it is important to mention the relevance of the different methods of diagnosis available for these neoplasms. Despite sometimes being difficult to implement, histopathological examination continues to be the method of choice for obtaining a definitive diagnosis. This work aims to summarize the current scientific data on the etiology, oncogenesis, macroscopic appearance and histopathological diagnosis of common equine neoplasia, including sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and lymphoma, in order to facilitate their diagnosis.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Histopatologia Imunohistoquímica Neoplasias Em Equinos Oncogénese Histopathology Immunohistochemistry Neoplasms In Horses Oncogenesis