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Como contribuir para uma cultura de educação para o risco através da organização escolar e da sala de aula?
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Várias diretrizes nacionais e internacionais salientam a importância da educação para o risco e dos primeiros socorros no contexto escolar, recomendando a sua abordagem e inclusão nos currículos escolares, logo a partir do 1.º ciclo, de modo a contribuir para a formação de cidadãos mais responsáveis, seguros e conscientes da sua cidadania. Uma vez que não existe uma disciplina exclusivamente dedicada a estas temáticas, que são transversais a diversas áreas do conhecimento, o presente trabalho procurou determinar de que forma a organização escolar e as práticas em sala de aula podem contribuir para uma cultura de educação para o risco. Para tal foram aplicados diversos questionários e materiais didáticos, com o objetivo final de implementar uma intervenção
pedagógica focada no ensino de primeiros socorros numa turma do 4º ano de escolaridade. Os dados obtidos revelaram que, de um modo geral, as práticas relacionadas com os primeiros socorros no contexto escolar revelam diversas fragilidades e que professores, assistentes operacionais e alunos apresentaram perceções distintas, confirmando que a educação para o risco, apesar de reconhecida como importante, não está plenamente integrada na cultura organizativa da escola. Por outro lado, a intervenção em sala de aula revelou uma melhoria clara nas competências dos alunos, tanto no domínio técnico como no emocional. Assim, esta investigação concluiu, em sintonia com outras já desenvolvidas no mesmo âmbito, que as crianças desta faixa etária são capazes de adquirir diversas competências em primeiros socorros, embora seja ainda necessária uma maior sensibilização das comunidades escolares e uma maior aposta na formação contínua dos docentes e não docentes.
Several national and international guidelines emphasise the importance of risk education and first aid in schools, recommending that these topics should be addressed and included in school curricula since primary school and onwards, in order to contribute to the development of more responsible, confident and aware citizens. Since there is no subject exclusively dedicated to these topics, which cut across several subjects, this study sought to determine how school organisation and classroom practices can contribute to a culture of risk education. Redarding this purpose, several questionnaires and teaching materials were applied, with the ultimate goal of implementing a pedagogical intervention focused on teaching first aid in a 4th-year class. The obtained data revealed that, in general, practices related to first aid in school context show several weaknesses and that teachers, assistants and students have different perceptions, confirming that risk education, although recognised as important, is not fully integrated into the school's organisational culture. On the other hand, the classroom intervention revealed a clear improvement in students' skills, both technically and emotionally. Thus, this research concluded, as other studies focusing the same subject, that children in this age group are capable of acquiring various first aid skills, although greater awareness among school communities and more focus on the continuous training of teaching and non-teaching staff are still needed.
Several national and international guidelines emphasise the importance of risk education and first aid in schools, recommending that these topics should be addressed and included in school curricula since primary school and onwards, in order to contribute to the development of more responsible, confident and aware citizens. Since there is no subject exclusively dedicated to these topics, which cut across several subjects, this study sought to determine how school organisation and classroom practices can contribute to a culture of risk education. Redarding this purpose, several questionnaires and teaching materials were applied, with the ultimate goal of implementing a pedagogical intervention focused on teaching first aid in a 4th-year class. The obtained data revealed that, in general, practices related to first aid in school context show several weaknesses and that teachers, assistants and students have different perceptions, confirming that risk education, although recognised as important, is not fully integrated into the school's organisational culture. On the other hand, the classroom intervention revealed a clear improvement in students' skills, both technically and emotionally. Thus, this research concluded, as other studies focusing the same subject, that children in this age group are capable of acquiring various first aid skills, although greater awareness among school communities and more focus on the continuous training of teaching and non-teaching staff are still needed.
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Palavras-chave
Primeiros socorros Educação para o risco 1º ciclo do ensino básico First aid Risk education Primary education