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Perfil do cuidador informal principal da pessoa adulta com acidente vascular cerebral em Portugal
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Resumo: O envelhecimento populacional em Portugal, acompanhado pelo aumento das doenças crónicas e incapacitantes como o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), tem acentuado a necessidade de melhor compreender o papel e as condições dos cuidadores informais principais (CIP). Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil dos CIPs de pessoas adultas com AVC em Portugal. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, observacional e transversal, com uma amostra não probabilística. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário sociodemográfico e de caracterização dos cuidados prestados, das escalas WHOQOL Bref (World Health Organization Quality of life _Bref), QASCI (Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal) e GSE (General Self-Efficacy Scale). A análise de dados foi realizada com o recurso à estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: A amostra foi de 50 cuidadores, com uma idade média de 52 anos, a maioria do sexo feminino (76%) e com habilitações ao nível do 3º ciclo do ensino básico (30%) e ensino secundário/ profissional (30%). Dedicavam uma média de 9 horas diárias ao cuidado, 56% alteraram a atividade laboral, 39,6% são conjugues da pessoa que está ao seu cuidado e 83,7% moram em meio urbano. A qualidade de vida foi satisfatória (83,54 pontos), os níveis de sobrecarga foram moderados (81,78 pontos) e os valores de autoeficácia foram razoáveis (31,40 pontos). O número de horas de cuidados prestados e os níveis de sobrecarga estão associados positivamente (ρ=0,38; p=0,007), enquanto a sobrecarga e autoeficácia se associam negativamente (ρ=−0,38; p=0,007). A qualidade de vida correlacionou-se negativamente com a sobrecarga (ρ=−0,33; p=0,018) e positivamente com a autoeficácia (ρ=0,33; p=0,018). Conclusão: Cuidar de um sobrevivente de AVC é uma tarefa complexa e exigente, influenciada por fatores sociodemográficos e contextuais. A sobrecarga e a qualidade de vida estão associadas à autoeficácia, que parece ser um fator protetor importante para os CIP. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de políticas públicas e programas de formação que fortaleçam as competências e o bem-estar dos CIP.
Abstract: Population ageing in Portugal, together with the rise in chronic and disabling diseases such as Stroke, has intensified the need to better understand the role and circumstances of primary informal caregivers (PIC). This study aimed to characterize the profile of PICs of adult stroke survivors in Portugal.Methods: This quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study used a non-probabilistic sample. Data were collected through a sociodemographic and caregiving-characterization questionnaire, as well as the WHOQOL-Bref (World Health Organization Quality of Life–Bref), the QASCI (Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire), and the GSE (General Self-Efficacy Scale). Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The sample consisted of 50 caregivers, with a mean age of 52 years; most participants were female (76%) and had completed lower secondary education (30%) or upper secondary/vocational education (30%). Caregivers dedicated an average of 9 hours per day to caregiving; 56% had changed their work activity; 39.6% were spouses of the care recipient; and 83.7% lived in urban areas. Quality of life was satisfactory (83.54 points), burden levels were moderate (81.78 points), and self-efficacy scores were reasonable (31.40 points). The number of daily caregiving hours was positively associated with burden (ρ = 0.38; p = 0.007), while burden was negatively associated with self-efficacy (ρ = −0.38; p = 0.007). Quality of life correlated negatively with burden (ρ= −0.33; p = 0.018) and positively with self-efficacy (ρ = 0.33; p = 0.018). Conclusion: Caring for a stroke survivor is a complex and demanding task, influenced by sociodemographic and contextual factors. Burden and quality of life were both associated with self-efficacy, which appears to function as an important protective factor for primary informal caregivers. The findings reinforce the need for public policies and training programs that strengthen caregivers’ skills and well-being.
Abstract: Population ageing in Portugal, together with the rise in chronic and disabling diseases such as Stroke, has intensified the need to better understand the role and circumstances of primary informal caregivers (PIC). This study aimed to characterize the profile of PICs of adult stroke survivors in Portugal.Methods: This quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study used a non-probabilistic sample. Data were collected through a sociodemographic and caregiving-characterization questionnaire, as well as the WHOQOL-Bref (World Health Organization Quality of Life–Bref), the QASCI (Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire), and the GSE (General Self-Efficacy Scale). Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The sample consisted of 50 caregivers, with a mean age of 52 years; most participants were female (76%) and had completed lower secondary education (30%) or upper secondary/vocational education (30%). Caregivers dedicated an average of 9 hours per day to caregiving; 56% had changed their work activity; 39.6% were spouses of the care recipient; and 83.7% lived in urban areas. Quality of life was satisfactory (83.54 points), burden levels were moderate (81.78 points), and self-efficacy scores were reasonable (31.40 points). The number of daily caregiving hours was positively associated with burden (ρ = 0.38; p = 0.007), while burden was negatively associated with self-efficacy (ρ = −0.38; p = 0.007). Quality of life correlated negatively with burden (ρ= −0.33; p = 0.018) and positively with self-efficacy (ρ = 0.33; p = 0.018). Conclusion: Caring for a stroke survivor is a complex and demanding task, influenced by sociodemographic and contextual factors. Burden and quality of life were both associated with self-efficacy, which appears to function as an important protective factor for primary informal caregivers. The findings reinforce the need for public policies and training programs that strengthen caregivers’ skills and well-being.
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Cuidador Informal Principal Acidente Vascular Cerebral Sobrecarga Qualidade De Vida Autoeficácia Primary Informal Caregiver Stroke Burden Quality of Life Self-Efficacy