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Fatores associados à hipossialia e xerostomia na população geriátrica da clínica dentária Egas Moniz : estudo piloto
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Na população idosa, várias doenças e condições sistémicas estão associadas à redução do fluxo salivar, originando sinais e sintomas que podem ter impacto na qualidade de vida.
Objetivos: Identificar e correlacionar os fatores que estão associados à xerostomia e/ou hipossialia na população geriátrica da Clínica Dentária Egas Moniz (CDEM).
Materiais e Métodos: A amostra populacional inclui 150 participantes (n=150) com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, que compareceram na Clínica Dentária Egas Moniz, entre Dezembro 2021 e Maio de 2022. Foi aplicado um questionário, que recolheu a informação relativa a dados socioeconómicos, condições de saúde geral, Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI-PL) e o Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI).
Foi também registado o número de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (Índice CPO), através de observação clínica. Por fim, obtiveram-se as taxas de fluxo salivar estimulada e não estimulada através de sialometria. Os dados foram analisados através dos testes Qui-quadrado e Mann-Whitney no programa estatístico IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 27.0.
Resultados: A maioria da população geriátrica pertencia ao género feminino (60%). A hipertensão arterial constituiu a patologia sistémica mais prevalente (60,7%). Mais de metade da população, tomava medicação (86%), sendo a mais frequente a toma de anti-hipertensores. A grande maioria dos participantes tomava simultaneamente dois fármacos (30%). Quase metade da amostra em estudo apresentou hipossialia (48%), tendo sido observada uma diferença significativa entre a hipossialia e a perceção de xerostomia
(p=0,050). Apesar de não ter havido uma associação significativa, verificou-se que existe uma tendência para os indivíduos com pior qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral apresentarem hipossialia.
Conclusão: Compete ao Médico Dentista realizar o diagnóstico precoce da hipossialia evidenciando os possíveis fatores de risco, bem como adotar estratégias preventivas que promovam o bem-estar na qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral.
Introduction: In the elderly population, several diseases and systemic conditions are associated with reduced salivary flow, leading to signs and symptoms that can impact in their quality of life. Objectives: To identify and correlate factors associated with xerostomia and/or hyposalivation in the geriatric population of the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (CDEM). Methods: 150 elderly with 65 or more years of age were included in this study performed in the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic, between December 2021 and May 2022. Socioeconomic data, general health conditions, Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXIPL) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) were obtained through a questionnaire. The number of teeth decayed, missing, or filled (DMF Index) was observed through clinical evaluation. Finally, sialometry was evaluated through the rate of stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests in the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics, version 27.0. Results: Most of the participants were females (60%) with a mean age of 72.9 (± ± 4). Arterial hypertension was the most frequent systemic pathology (60.7%). More than half of the population took medication (86%), being the most frequent antihypertensives. The majority of the participants took 2 drugs simultaneously (30%). Almost half of the sample presented hyposalivation (48%) and a significant difference was observed between hyposalivation, and the xerostomia perception (p=0.05). Although it was found any significant association, it was found a tendency for individuals with worse oral healthrelated quality of life to have hyposalivation. Conclusion: The Dentist have the responsibility to proceed to early diagnosis in patients with hyposalivation, identifying the risk factors and promoting preventive measures to promote good quality life related oral health.
Introduction: In the elderly population, several diseases and systemic conditions are associated with reduced salivary flow, leading to signs and symptoms that can impact in their quality of life. Objectives: To identify and correlate factors associated with xerostomia and/or hyposalivation in the geriatric population of the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (CDEM). Methods: 150 elderly with 65 or more years of age were included in this study performed in the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic, between December 2021 and May 2022. Socioeconomic data, general health conditions, Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXIPL) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) were obtained through a questionnaire. The number of teeth decayed, missing, or filled (DMF Index) was observed through clinical evaluation. Finally, sialometry was evaluated through the rate of stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests in the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics, version 27.0. Results: Most of the participants were females (60%) with a mean age of 72.9 (± ± 4). Arterial hypertension was the most frequent systemic pathology (60.7%). More than half of the population took medication (86%), being the most frequent antihypertensives. The majority of the participants took 2 drugs simultaneously (30%). Almost half of the sample presented hyposalivation (48%) and a significant difference was observed between hyposalivation, and the xerostomia perception (p=0.05). Although it was found any significant association, it was found a tendency for individuals with worse oral healthrelated quality of life to have hyposalivation. Conclusion: The Dentist have the responsibility to proceed to early diagnosis in patients with hyposalivation, identifying the risk factors and promoting preventive measures to promote good quality life related oral health.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Hipossialia Xerostomia Idosos Autoperceção