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Envelhecimento saudável : a interligação entre a saúde oral e o bem-estar psicológico em pessoas mais velhas
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Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional acentuado traz consigo um aumento da prevalência de doenças crónicas e poderá constituir um fator que contribui para uma maior prevalência de perturbações depressivas. A deterioração da saúde oral, como a cárie e a perda dentária, possui uma relação bidirecional com a depressão, afetando negativamente a qualidade de vida, a nutrição, a integração social e a autoestima das pessoas idosas.
Objetivo: Associar as condições de saúde oral com os sintomas depressivos em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados.
Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal com 122 participantes em contexto comunitário e em estruturas residenciais. A avaliação do estado de saúde oral foi efetuada através do índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD) e a determinação do nível de bem-estar psicológico foi efetuada através da escala de depressão geriátrica (GDS-15). Foram utilizados testes estatísticos não paramétricos, considerando-se p < 0,05.
Resultados: Foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre o índice de CPOD e a presença de sintomas depressivos. A comparação do índice de CPOD entre os grupos de diferentes contextos residenciais foi estatisticamente significativa, com uma média superior para os participantes institucionalizados. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na comparação da sintomatologia depressiva entre as amostras de estudo consoante o contexto de residência.
Conclusões: Os idosos com pior saúde oral tendem a apresentar uma sintomatologia depressiva mais acentuada, independentemente do contexto residencial. Estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de uma abordagem geriátrica integrada, na qual a medicina dentária deve desempenhar um papel ativo na promoção do envelhecimento saudável e no acesso equitativo a cuidados de saúde oral.
Introduction: The rapid ageing of the population is accompanied by an increase in chronic diseases, which may contribute to an increase in depressive disorders. Deteriorating oral health, such as tooth decay and tooth loss, has a bidirectional relationship with depression, negatively affecting older adults’ quality of life, nutrition, social integration, and self-esteem. Objective: To examine the association between oral health status and depressive symptoms in institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 122 participants recruited from community settings and residential facilities. Oral health status was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index, and psychological well-being was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Nonparametric statistical tests were used, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: A statistically significant association was found between the DMFT index and the presence of depressive symptoms. The comparison of the DMFT index between groups was statistically significant, with a higher mean score among institutionalized participants. There were no statistically significant differences in depressive symptoms between the study samples based on living arrangements. Conclusions: Older adults with poorer oral health tend to exhibit more pronounced depressive symptoms, regardless of their living situation. These findings underscore the need for an integrated geriatric approach, in which dentistry should play an active role in promoting healthy aging and ensuring equitable access to oral health care.
Introduction: The rapid ageing of the population is accompanied by an increase in chronic diseases, which may contribute to an increase in depressive disorders. Deteriorating oral health, such as tooth decay and tooth loss, has a bidirectional relationship with depression, negatively affecting older adults’ quality of life, nutrition, social integration, and self-esteem. Objective: To examine the association between oral health status and depressive symptoms in institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 122 participants recruited from community settings and residential facilities. Oral health status was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index, and psychological well-being was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Nonparametric statistical tests were used, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: A statistically significant association was found between the DMFT index and the presence of depressive symptoms. The comparison of the DMFT index between groups was statistically significant, with a higher mean score among institutionalized participants. There were no statistically significant differences in depressive symptoms between the study samples based on living arrangements. Conclusions: Older adults with poorer oral health tend to exhibit more pronounced depressive symptoms, regardless of their living situation. These findings underscore the need for an integrated geriatric approach, in which dentistry should play an active role in promoting healthy aging and ensuring equitable access to oral health care.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Idosos Saúde oral Depressão Vulnerabilidade