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O ADN tumoral circulante na estratĂ©gia terapĂȘutica do cancro de mama
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Abstract(s)
As cĂ©lulas tumorais libertam molĂ©culas de DNA livre na circulação sanguĂnea.
Este DNA tumoral circulante (ctDNA) Ă© atualmente o analito principal das biĂłpsias lĂquidas para explorar o perfil mutacional do cancro. (Dang & Park, 2022)
O DNA tumoral circulante Ă© um biomarcador emergente com grande potencial para a deteção precoce, avaliação prognĂłstica e monitorização do cancro da mama. Estes marcadores circulantes avaliam e monitorizam as cĂ©lulas cancerosas atravĂ©s de uma simples colheita de sangue nĂŁo invasiva, conhecida como biĂłpsia lĂquida (Alemzadeh et al., 2023).
Atualmente, o cancro de mama é o mais prevalente e a segunda causa de mortalidade por cancro entre as mulheres. Apesar dos avanços notåveis no seu tratamento, a heterogeneidade dos tumores, entre as pacientes e dentro de um mesmo tumor, continua a ser um desafio importante para o diagnóstico e o prognóstico (Song et al., 2016).
A anĂĄlise do DNA tumoral circulante Ă© clinicamente Ăștil no cancro da mama no estĂĄdio inicial, no diagnĂłstico precoce, na deteção da doença residual mĂnima e na previsĂŁo de recidivas metastĂĄticas (Vlataki et al., 2023).
O objetivo principal deste estudo consiste em contextualizar o papel do DNA tumoral circulante (ctDNA) no cancro de mama como biomarcador molecular sendo especialmente utilizado no diagnĂłstico precoce, na monitorização terapĂȘutica e na personalização do tratamento. PermitirĂĄ a construção de um estado da arte atualizado sobre o uso clĂnico do ctDNA no cancro da mama e das suas potenciais implicaçÔes na
prĂĄtica oncolĂłgica moderna.
Este estudo visa contribuir para a compreensĂŁo de como o ctDNA pode auxiliar na abordagem ao cancro de mama, tornando-a mais personalizada, sensĂvel e eficaz.
Tumor cells release free DNA molecules into the bloodstream. This circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become the main analyte in liquid biopsies used to explore the mutational profile of cancer (Dang & Park, 2022). Circulating tumor DNA is a promising non-invasive biomarker that enables real-time monitoring of tumor dynamics and offers new opportunities for personalized treatment in breast cancer. These circulating markers assess and monitor cancer cells through a simple, non-invasive blood test, liquid biopsies (Alemzadeh et al., 2023). Breast cancer is currently the most common and second leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Despite remarkable advances in its treatment, the heterogeneity of tumors, between patients and within the same tumor, remains a major challenge for diagnosis and prognosis (Song et al., 2016). Analysis of circulating tumor DNA is clinically useful in early-stage breast cancer for early diagnosis, detection of minimal residual disease and prediction of metastatic recurrences (Vlataki et al., 2023). The main objective of this study is to contextualize the role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in breast cancer as a molecular biomarker, with particular emphasis on its application in early diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and treatment personalization. This review aims to provide an updated current knowledge on the clinical use of ctDNA in breast cancer and its potential implications in current oncological practice. This study also seeks to contribute to a better understanding of how ctDNA can support a more personalized, sensitive, and effective approach to breast cancer management.
Tumor cells release free DNA molecules into the bloodstream. This circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become the main analyte in liquid biopsies used to explore the mutational profile of cancer (Dang & Park, 2022). Circulating tumor DNA is a promising non-invasive biomarker that enables real-time monitoring of tumor dynamics and offers new opportunities for personalized treatment in breast cancer. These circulating markers assess and monitor cancer cells through a simple, non-invasive blood test, liquid biopsies (Alemzadeh et al., 2023). Breast cancer is currently the most common and second leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Despite remarkable advances in its treatment, the heterogeneity of tumors, between patients and within the same tumor, remains a major challenge for diagnosis and prognosis (Song et al., 2016). Analysis of circulating tumor DNA is clinically useful in early-stage breast cancer for early diagnosis, detection of minimal residual disease and prediction of metastatic recurrences (Vlataki et al., 2023). The main objective of this study is to contextualize the role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in breast cancer as a molecular biomarker, with particular emphasis on its application in early diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and treatment personalization. This review aims to provide an updated current knowledge on the clinical use of ctDNA in breast cancer and its potential implications in current oncological practice. This study also seeks to contribute to a better understanding of how ctDNA can support a more personalized, sensitive, and effective approach to breast cancer management.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitårio Egas Moniz
Keywords
BiĂłpsias lĂquidas DNA tumoral circulante Cancro da mama Biomarcador molecular Tratamento ResistĂȘncia Recidiva