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World assumptions mediate associations between polytrauma with PTSD and psychiatric symptoms in kenyan adolescents
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Existem evidências na literatura de que a exposição a experiências adversas na infância tem impacto na saúde mental dos adolescentes, aumentando a vulnerabilidade para desenvolvimento de sintomas psiquiátricos e de Perturbação de Stresse Pós-Traumático (PSPT). Os pressupostos básicos (valor do self, benevolência do mundo e significado do mundo) podem influenciar a relação entre a exposição a experiências adversas na infância e os sintomas psiquiátricos e de PSPT. Procedemos à análise da associação entre a exposição direta e indireta a experiências adversas na infância e os sintomas psiquiátricos e de PSPT, explorando o papel mediador dos pressupostos básicos nesta associação. Uma amostra de 477 adolescentes quenianos, com uma média de idade de 16.4 anos (SD=1.4), completou questionários de autorrelato validados. Foram testados modelos de mediação múltipla em série através da realização do modelo de equações estruturais de Preacher e Hayes (2008). Os resultados indicaram que havia diferenças estatisticamente significativas na média de exposição direta e indireta a experiências adversas na infância entre o sexo feminino e o sexo masculino, sendo a média do sexo feminino superior. Não havia diferenças estatisticamente significativas na média dos sintomas psiquiátricos e de PSPT entre o sexo feminino e o sexo masculino. Verificou-se que a exposição indireta a experiências adversas na infância teve apenas um efeito direto nos sintomas psiquiátricos e a exposição direta a experiências adversas na infância teve um efeito direto nos sintomas psiquiátricos e nos sintomas de PSPT. Os resultados indicaram que: o valor do self era mediador da associação entre a exposição direta e indireta a experiências adversas na infância e sintomas psiquiátricos; níveis mais elevados de benevolência do mundo estavam associados a níveis mais reduzidos dos sintomas psiquiátricos e de PSPT; o significado do mundo era mediador da associação entre a exposição indireta a experiências adversas na infância e os sintomas de PSPT.
There is evidence in the literature that exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impacts on adolescents' mental health, increasing vulnerability to develop psychiatric symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). World assumptions (worthiness of the self), benevolence of the world and meaningfulness of the world) may influence the relationship between exposure to ACEs and psychiatric and PTSD symptoms. We proceeded to examine the association between direct and indirect exposure to ACEs and psychiatric and PTSD symptoms exploring the mediating role of basic assumptions in this association. A sample of 477 Kenyan adolescents, with a mean age of 16.4 years (SD=1.4), completed validated self-report questionnaires. Serial multiple mediation models were tested by performing the structural equation model of Preacher and Hayes (2008). Results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in mean of direct and indirect exposure to ACEs between females and males, with the female mean being higher. There were no statistically significant differences in mean psychiatric and PTSD symptoms between female and male. Indirect ACEs exposure was found to have only a direct effect on psychiatric symptoms, and direct ACEs exposure was found to have a direct effect on psychiatric symptoms and PTSD symptoms. The results, considering world assumptions, indicated that: worthiness of the self was a mediator of the association between direct and indirect exposure to ACEs and psychiatric symptoms; higher levels of benevolence of the world were associated with lower levels of psychiatric and PTSD symptoms; meaningfulness of the world was a mediator of the association between indirect exposure to ACEs and PTSD symptoms.
There is evidence in the literature that exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impacts on adolescents' mental health, increasing vulnerability to develop psychiatric symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). World assumptions (worthiness of the self), benevolence of the world and meaningfulness of the world) may influence the relationship between exposure to ACEs and psychiatric and PTSD symptoms. We proceeded to examine the association between direct and indirect exposure to ACEs and psychiatric and PTSD symptoms exploring the mediating role of basic assumptions in this association. A sample of 477 Kenyan adolescents, with a mean age of 16.4 years (SD=1.4), completed validated self-report questionnaires. Serial multiple mediation models were tested by performing the structural equation model of Preacher and Hayes (2008). Results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in mean of direct and indirect exposure to ACEs between females and males, with the female mean being higher. There were no statistically significant differences in mean psychiatric and PTSD symptoms between female and male. Indirect ACEs exposure was found to have only a direct effect on psychiatric symptoms, and direct ACEs exposure was found to have a direct effect on psychiatric symptoms and PTSD symptoms. The results, considering world assumptions, indicated that: worthiness of the self was a mediator of the association between direct and indirect exposure to ACEs and psychiatric symptoms; higher levels of benevolence of the world were associated with lower levels of psychiatric and PTSD symptoms; meaningfulness of the world was a mediator of the association between indirect exposure to ACEs and PTSD symptoms.
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Keywords
Adverse childhood experiences World assumptions Psychological distress Adolescence Lower-middle-income countries