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Avanços No Conhecimento Da Fisiopatogenia E Tratamento De Metrite Em Vacas De Aptidão Leiteira
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A metrite enquanto doença aguda comum do pós-parto, desafia o bem-estar e a produtividade animal de vacas leiteiras. Embora a antibioterapia seja rotineiramente utilizada no tratamento desta enfermidade, existe uma crescente pressão para a redução desta prática, exercida pelo aumento das resistências bacterianas aos antibióticos. A antibioterapia nem sempre resulta na melhoria dos parâmetros produtivos e reprodutivos dos quais depende a rentabilidade das explorações. Melhorar o conhecimento sobre as alterações do estado metabólico, inflamatório, oxidativo e do microbioma uterino, a par com as implicações destas na saúde do animal, contribui para o estabelecimento de novas estratégias de prevenção e tratamento da doença. Os objetivos deste estudo foram, portanto, rever a literatura mais recente sobre a fisiopatogenia, o impacto na performance, prevenção e tratamento de metrite, incluindo a eficácia de novas terapêuticas e abordagens preventivas. Os artigos relevantes foram retirados do motor de busca PubMed e a pesquisa foi limitada ao período 1991-2024. O stress metabólico e oxidativo no período de transição, tem demonstrado ser um importante promotor do desenvolvimento de metrite através da perturbação da imunidade inata do animal e aumento do risco de problemas no parto. Quando a capacidade de resposta dos mecanismos de defesa do animal é ultrapassada ou disfuncional, a infeção uterina instala-se. Estudos recentes demonstram que o útero gravídico não é um meio estéril e que a população microbiana presente no útero após o parto sofre uma perda de heterogeneidade, em casos de metrite, caracterizada pelo sobre crescimento de Bacteroides e Fusobacterium. Estas bactérias apresentam fatores de virulência que perturbam substancialmente a fertilidade do animal, desde a reserva de folículos primordiais ao desenvolvimento de blastocistos. Novas terapias e estratégias de prevenção têm sido desenvolvidas como a administração intrauterina de flavonoides glicosídeos e a prevenção de metrite através de vacinação e utilização de citoquinas recombinantes.
Metritis, a common acute postpartum disease challenges the welfare and productivity of dairy cows. Although antibiotic therapy is routinely used as a treatment of this condition, there is growing pressure to reduce this practice, due to increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotic therapy does not always result in improved productive and reproductive parameters, which are essential for the profitability of dairy farms. Increasing our understanding of changes in metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative status, and uterine microbiome, along with their implications for animal health, contributes to the establishment of new strategies for disease prevention and therapy. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to review the most recent literature on the pathophysiology, impact on performance, prevention, and treatment of metritis, including the efficacy of new therapies and preventive approaches. Relevant articles were retrieved from the PubMed search engine and the search was limited to the period 1991-2024. Metabolic and oxidative stress during the transition period have been shown to be important promoters of metritis development by disrupting the animal's innate immunity and increasing the risk of calving problems. When the responsiveness of the animal's defense mechanisms is overwhelmed or dysfunctional, uterine infection sets in. Recent studies demonstrate that the gravid uterus is not a sterile environment, and that the present microbial population undergoes a loss of heterogeneity in cases of metritis, characterized by the overgrowth of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium. These bacteria have virulence factors that substantially disrupt the fertility of the animal from the reserve of primordial follicles to the development of the blastocysts. New therapies and preventive strategies have been developed, such as the intrauterine administration of flavonoid glycosides, and prevention of metritis through vaccination and use of recombinant cytokines.
Metritis, a common acute postpartum disease challenges the welfare and productivity of dairy cows. Although antibiotic therapy is routinely used as a treatment of this condition, there is growing pressure to reduce this practice, due to increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotic therapy does not always result in improved productive and reproductive parameters, which are essential for the profitability of dairy farms. Increasing our understanding of changes in metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative status, and uterine microbiome, along with their implications for animal health, contributes to the establishment of new strategies for disease prevention and therapy. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to review the most recent literature on the pathophysiology, impact on performance, prevention, and treatment of metritis, including the efficacy of new therapies and preventive approaches. Relevant articles were retrieved from the PubMed search engine and the search was limited to the period 1991-2024. Metabolic and oxidative stress during the transition period have been shown to be important promoters of metritis development by disrupting the animal's innate immunity and increasing the risk of calving problems. When the responsiveness of the animal's defense mechanisms is overwhelmed or dysfunctional, uterine infection sets in. Recent studies demonstrate that the gravid uterus is not a sterile environment, and that the present microbial population undergoes a loss of heterogeneity in cases of metritis, characterized by the overgrowth of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium. These bacteria have virulence factors that substantially disrupt the fertility of the animal from the reserve of primordial follicles to the development of the blastocysts. New therapies and preventive strategies have been developed, such as the intrauterine administration of flavonoid glycosides, and prevention of metritis through vaccination and use of recombinant cytokines.
Description
Keywords
Metrite Microbioma Produtividade Fertilidade Prevenção Tratamento Metritis Microbiome Productivity Fertility Prevention Treatment