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Prevalência de Dirofilariose Canina (Dirofilaria immitis) na Região Centro de Portugal. Um risco para a Saúde Pública?
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Abstract(s)
A Dirofilariose causada por um nemátode da espécie Dirofilaria immitis é uma doença parasitária cardiopulmonar, que tem como vetores mosquitos dos géneros: Culex, Aedes e Anopheles para completar o seu ciclo de vida.
Os canídeos são os principais hospedeiros definitivos podendo ser infetados por formas larvares do parasita, transmitidas aquando da alimentação de um dos mosquitos, mas, outras espécies animais também podem ser infetadas pelo parasita, como os felídeos e humanos.
D.immitis continua a disseminar-se e a instalar-se em zonas consideradas não endémicas, sendo Portugal considerado um país enzoótico e epizoótico.
No presente trabalho, realizou-se um estudo retrospetivo da prevalência de Dirofilariose no período de 2016 a 2020 em canídeos que frequentaram quatro Centros de Atendimento Médico-Veterinários, da Região Centro de Portugal. A seleção dos casos foi efetuada através de uma amostragem de animais que nesse período de tempo realizaram testes de imunocromatografia para pesquisa de antigénios de Dirofilária e/ou gota fresca para pesquisa de microfilárias. As informações recolhidas basearam-se nas caraterísticas físicas dos animais, assim como no tipo de tratamento instituído e prevenção da parasitose.
Verificou-se que os concelhos de Montemor-o-Velho e Figueira da Foz foram os mais afetados, possivelmente reunindo as condições necessárias para o desenvolvimento do vetor e a disseminação da doença. O método de testagem maioritariamente usado nos CAMV´s foi o teste de imunocromatografia, o recomendado pela AHS (Sociedade Americana de Dirofilariose), sendo em alguns casos complementado pela gota fresca. Em relação aos protocolos de tratamento instituídos, foram também seguidas maioritariamente as guidelines recomendadas, bem assim como os protocolos de prevenção, cuja substância utilizada preferencialmente foi a moxidectina. No entanto, continua a ser necessário evitar a disseminação generalizada desta doença pelo nosso país, minimizando o risco para a Saúde Pública e Saúde Animal.
Heartworm disease is caused by a nematode of the species Dirofilaria immitis is a parasitic cardiopulmonary disease, which has mosquitoes of the genera: Culex, Aedes and Anopheles as vectors to complete its life cycle. Dogs are the main definitive hosts and can be infected by larval forms of the parasite, transmitted when feeding one of the mosquitoes, but other animal species can also be infected by the parasite, such as felids and humans. D.immitis continues to spread and settle in areas considered non-endemic, Portugal being considered an enzootic and epizootic country. In the present study, we carried out a retrospective study of the prevalence of Heartworm disease in the period from 2016 to 2020 in dogs that attended four Medical-Veterinary Care Centers in the Central Region of Portugal. The selection of cases was carried out through a sampling of animals that during this period of time performed immunochromatography tests to search for Dirofilaria antigens and/or fresh drop to search for microfilariae. The information collected was based on the physical characteristics of the animals, as well as on the type of treatment and prevention of the parasitosis. The municipalities of Montemor-o-Velho and Figueira da Foz were the most affected, possibly bringing together the necessary conditions for the development of the vector and the spread of the disease. The test method mostly used in CAMV's was the immunochromatography test, recommended by the AHS (American Heartworm Society), being in some cases complemented by fresh drop. Regarding the established treatment protocols, the recommended guidelines were also mostly followed, as well as the prevention protocols, whose substance was preferably used moxidectin. However, it is still necessary to prevent the widespread spread of this disease throughout our country, minimizing the risk to Public Health and Animal Health.
Heartworm disease is caused by a nematode of the species Dirofilaria immitis is a parasitic cardiopulmonary disease, which has mosquitoes of the genera: Culex, Aedes and Anopheles as vectors to complete its life cycle. Dogs are the main definitive hosts and can be infected by larval forms of the parasite, transmitted when feeding one of the mosquitoes, but other animal species can also be infected by the parasite, such as felids and humans. D.immitis continues to spread and settle in areas considered non-endemic, Portugal being considered an enzootic and epizootic country. In the present study, we carried out a retrospective study of the prevalence of Heartworm disease in the period from 2016 to 2020 in dogs that attended four Medical-Veterinary Care Centers in the Central Region of Portugal. The selection of cases was carried out through a sampling of animals that during this period of time performed immunochromatography tests to search for Dirofilaria antigens and/or fresh drop to search for microfilariae. The information collected was based on the physical characteristics of the animals, as well as on the type of treatment and prevention of the parasitosis. The municipalities of Montemor-o-Velho and Figueira da Foz were the most affected, possibly bringing together the necessary conditions for the development of the vector and the spread of the disease. The test method mostly used in CAMV's was the immunochromatography test, recommended by the AHS (American Heartworm Society), being in some cases complemented by fresh drop. Regarding the established treatment protocols, the recommended guidelines were also mostly followed, as well as the prevention protocols, whose substance was preferably used moxidectin. However, it is still necessary to prevent the widespread spread of this disease throughout our country, minimizing the risk to Public Health and Animal Health.
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Keywords
Canídeos Cardiopulmonar Dirofilaria immitis Seroprevalência Vetores Cardiopulmonary Dogs Seroprevalence Vectors