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Cibersegurança : Um paradigma internacional de eminente cooperação policial
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Abstract(s)
O frenesim que gira em torno da evolução das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação levou as atuais sociedades a migrar para o espaço imaterial designado por Ciberespaço. A internet catapultou decisivamente, do mundo real para o mundo virtual, uma sociedade global que cada vez mais se afirma digital. Em pleno séc. XXI, onde os Estados vêm a sua autoridade questionada por uma miríade de ameaças transnacionais, surge a Tecnologia que introduz novas variáveis à equação dessas mesmas ameaças. Os crimes tradicionais, inerentes à condição humana, também estes tendem cada vez mais a utilizar as ferramentas que as tecnologias apresentam, migrando desta feita a par e passo com o ser Humano Homem para o Ciberespaço. Perante este quadro, o Estado por si só vê dos seus esforços resultarem incapacidades de travar este fenómeno onde se afirmam as Ciberameaças. A solução afirma-se na cooperação global entre Estados com vista a uma posição comum face ao mais transnacional de todos os crimes, o Cibercrime. Vários organismos Internacionais; como a Organização das Nações Unidas, a União Europeia e o Conselho da Europa; têm enveredado esforços nesse sentido. Cabe às polícias, enquanto monopólio legítimo do uso da força do Estado, prevenir, combater, perseguir e investigar quem colocar em causa o estado de Cibersegurança. A presente dissertação incide sobre o papel da Europol e Interpol, pois estas detêm as ferramentas de cooperação policial entre Estados, na prevenção e o combate da Cibercriminalidade. O primeiro capítulo traça a evolução da sociedade a par da necessidade de governação do Ciberespaço, contemplando a definição e caracterização das Ciberameaças. No segundo capítulo são identificadas as principais ferramentas que têm vindo a ser desenvolvidas pelas Organizações Internacionais em geral, e pela União Europeia em particular. O último capítulo; analisa a atividade da Europol e da Interpol na prevenção e combate à cibercriminalidade, problematizando-se os setores que carecem de cooperação policial. Da investigação surge uma avaliação do contributo destas estruturas cooperativas internacionais para a prevenção e combate da ameaça.
The frenzy that involves the evolution of Information and Communication’s Technologies led the current society to migrate into the immaterial space so called Cyberspace. The Internet has decisively propeled a global society from real to virtual world, that is increasingly being digital. In the 21st century, where the States have their authority questioned by a myriad of transnational threats, technology adds new variables to the equation of those threats. Traditional crimes, inherent to the human condition, are also increasingly tending to the (mis)use of technology’s tools, migrating to the Cyberspace. In this context, States see it their efforts resulting in failure while trying to halt this phenomenon called Cyber Threats. The solution requires global cooperation among States in order to achieve common position against the most transnational of all crimes, Cybercrime. Several International Organizations are aware of this problem implementing measures to deal with it; like United Nations, European Union and Council of Europe. Law Enforcement Agencies, the State´s legitimate monopoly in the use of the force, must prevent, fight, investigate and prosecute those endanger Cybersecurity. This thesis focuses on Europol and Interpol’s role, since they hold cooperation mechanisms to prevent and fight against Cybercrime. The first chapter describes the evolution of society along with the need of Cyberspace governance, considering the definition and characterization of cyber threats. The second chapter identifies the main tools that have been developed by International Organizations in general, and by European Union in particular. The last chapter analyzes Europol and Interpol’s activity facing Cybercrime, it also questions the sectors that are in need of police cooperation. In sum this dissertation makes an assessment of the contribution of those international cooperative institutions to prevent and fight against Cybercrime.
The frenzy that involves the evolution of Information and Communication’s Technologies led the current society to migrate into the immaterial space so called Cyberspace. The Internet has decisively propeled a global society from real to virtual world, that is increasingly being digital. In the 21st century, where the States have their authority questioned by a myriad of transnational threats, technology adds new variables to the equation of those threats. Traditional crimes, inherent to the human condition, are also increasingly tending to the (mis)use of technology’s tools, migrating to the Cyberspace. In this context, States see it their efforts resulting in failure while trying to halt this phenomenon called Cyber Threats. The solution requires global cooperation among States in order to achieve common position against the most transnational of all crimes, Cybercrime. Several International Organizations are aware of this problem implementing measures to deal with it; like United Nations, European Union and Council of Europe. Law Enforcement Agencies, the State´s legitimate monopoly in the use of the force, must prevent, fight, investigate and prosecute those endanger Cybersecurity. This thesis focuses on Europol and Interpol’s role, since they hold cooperation mechanisms to prevent and fight against Cybercrime. The first chapter describes the evolution of society along with the need of Cyberspace governance, considering the definition and characterization of cyber threats. The second chapter identifies the main tools that have been developed by International Organizations in general, and by European Union in particular. The last chapter analyzes Europol and Interpol’s activity facing Cybercrime, it also questions the sectors that are in need of police cooperation. In sum this dissertation makes an assessment of the contribution of those international cooperative institutions to prevent and fight against Cybercrime.
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Keywords
cibersegurança cibercriminalidade prevenção cooperação policial união europeia europol interpol