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O turismo como catalisador para a revitalizaĆ§Ć£o da Mouraria
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Abstract(s)
O centro histĆ³rico de Lisboa, tal como em muitas das cidades histĆ³ricas europeias, sofreu um forte abandono populacional e da sua atividade comercial no Ćŗltimo quartel do sĆ©culo XX, motivado em boa parte por dinĆ¢micas sociais e econĆ³micas e por polĆticas de ordenamento do territĆ³rio que fomentaram a expansĆ£o urbana. Este processo contribuiu para a degradaĆ§Ć£o do seu patrimĆ³nio edificado. Por outro lado, o congelamento das rendas tambĆ©m nĆ£o permitiu aos proprietĆ”rios obterem meios suficientes para levarem a cabo obras de reabilitaĆ§Ć£o, gerando, deste modo, um clima de inseguranƧa e de abandono do centro histĆ³rico.
Na Ćŗltima dĆ©cada, contudo, o crescimento da atividade turĆstica na cidade de Lisboa veio revitalizar o seu centro histĆ³rico, nĆ£o sĆ³ por trazer atividades diretamente relacionadas com o setor, mas tambĆ©m outro tipo de comĆ©rcio e serviƧos de apoio. Em simultĆ¢neo, cresceram tambĆ©m as obras de reabilitaĆ§Ć£o urbana, em muitos casos com vista Ć conversĆ£o em estabelecimentos de aluguer de curta duraĆ§Ć£o (alojamento local), de forma a fazer face Ć crescente procura turĆstica e tambĆ©m numa Ć³tica de obtenĆ§Ć£o de maiores rendimentos em plena crise econĆ³mico-financeira. No entanto, se em alguns casos tal se deu em edifĆcios devolutos, em outros esta situaĆ§Ć£o teve como consequĆŖncia o despejo de famĆlias que hĆ” anos residiam no casco histĆ³rico da capital portuguesa, contribuindo para o que alguns autores designam por āgentrificaĆ§Ć£o turĆsticaā.
Nesta dissertaĆ§Ć£o procura-se fazer uma avaliaĆ§Ć£o do papel do turismo na revitalizaĆ§Ć£o de um dos bairros histĆ³ricos mais icĆ³nicos de Lisboa ā a Mouraria ā e compreender os seus efeitos. Verificou-se que o bairro foi protegido de uma āturistificaĆ§Ć£oā acentuada, sobretudo devido ao forte poder do associativismo local e do seu trabalho em rede, em parceria com a CĆ¢mara Municipal de Lisboa e a Junta de Freguesia de Santa Maria Maior, mas tambĆ©m graƧas Ć forte presenƧa de diferentes comunidades imigrantes, ao seu dinamismo comercial, bem como Ć perpetuaĆ§Ć£o de um certo preconceito em relaĆ§Ć£o ao bairro.
Lisbonās historical center, similarly to many European historical cities, has suffered a strong population and commercial activity decline by the last quarter of the twentieth century, mainly as a consequence of social and economic dynamics and due to land use planning policies that have promoted the urban expansion. This process has contributed to a degradation of the built heritage. On the other hand, the rentsā stagnation has not allowed the owners to obtain the needed means to carry out rehabilitation interventions, which has brought a feeling of insecurity and abandonment of the historical center. In the last decade, however, the growth of the tourism activity in the city of Lisbon has contributed to the revitalization of its historical center, not only for bringing sector-related activities, but also other kinds of commerce and support services. Simultaneously, urban rehabilitation works grew, in many cases aiming at its conversion to short-term rentals establishments, in order to cope with the growing tourism demand and also as way to earn more income in the midst of economic and financial crisis. However, although in some of the cases this happened in abandoned buildings, in other cases this meant the eviction of families who had been living in the historical part of the Portuguese capital for a long time, thus contributing to what some authors call ātouristim gentrificationā. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the role of tourism in the revitalization of one of Lisbonās most iconic historic districts ā Mouraria ā and understand its effects. It was possible to verify that the district has been protected from a strong ātouristificationā mainly due to the strong power of local associativism and its networkng, in partnership with Lisbonās City Hall and the Parish Council of Santa Maria Maior, but also thanks to the strong presence of different immigrant communities, its commerce dynamism and the perpetuation of prejudice related to the district.
Lisbonās historical center, similarly to many European historical cities, has suffered a strong population and commercial activity decline by the last quarter of the twentieth century, mainly as a consequence of social and economic dynamics and due to land use planning policies that have promoted the urban expansion. This process has contributed to a degradation of the built heritage. On the other hand, the rentsā stagnation has not allowed the owners to obtain the needed means to carry out rehabilitation interventions, which has brought a feeling of insecurity and abandonment of the historical center. In the last decade, however, the growth of the tourism activity in the city of Lisbon has contributed to the revitalization of its historical center, not only for bringing sector-related activities, but also other kinds of commerce and support services. Simultaneously, urban rehabilitation works grew, in many cases aiming at its conversion to short-term rentals establishments, in order to cope with the growing tourism demand and also as way to earn more income in the midst of economic and financial crisis. However, although in some of the cases this happened in abandoned buildings, in other cases this meant the eviction of families who had been living in the historical part of the Portuguese capital for a long time, thus contributing to what some authors call ātouristim gentrificationā. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the role of tourism in the revitalization of one of Lisbonās most iconic historic districts ā Mouraria ā and understand its effects. It was possible to verify that the district has been protected from a strong ātouristificationā mainly due to the strong power of local associativism and its networkng, in partnership with Lisbonās City Hall and the Parish Council of Santa Maria Maior, but also thanks to the strong presence of different immigrant communities, its commerce dynamism and the perpetuation of prejudice related to the district.
Description
Keywords
Alojamento local GentrificaĆ§Ć£o HabitaĆ§Ć£o Mouraria RevitalizaĆ§Ć£o Turismo Short-term rental Gentrification Housing Revitalization Tourism