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Desigualdades Socioeconómicas e Determinantes em Saúde na Incapacidade Auditiva
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A presente dissertação teve como objetivo, analisar a relação entre incapacidade auditiva e desigualdades socioeconómicas e, determinantes em saúde, na população adulta portuguesa, tendo por base os dados do Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico de 2015. Através de uma abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, foram avaliadas variáveis socioeconómicas, demográficas e de estilo de vida, de forma a compreender o seu impacto na saúde auditiva.
Os resultados obtidos confirmam que a capacidade auditiva, para além de associada a fatores biológicos e ambientais, se relaciona fortemente às condições sociais e económicas em que os indivíduos vivem e trabalham, resultando daí um maior ou menor compromisso da saúde auditiva. Verificou-se que rendimentos mais baixos, níveis reduzidos de escolaridade e profissões elementares estão significativamente associados a maior risco de perda auditiva, assim como alguns determinantes comportamentais, nomeadamente a prática de exercício físico, o tabagismo e o consumo de álcool. Indivíduos sem atividade profissional revelaram também maior vulnerabilidade, associada ao envelhecimento e à coexistência de doenças crónicas.
Estes resultados reforçam a evidência de que a incapacidade auditiva é, em parte, consequência das desigualdades estruturais existentes na sociedade portuguesa. Do ponto de vista da gestão em saúde, salienta-se a importância de políticas públicas que promovam a literacia em saúde e equidade no acesso a cuidados auditivos preventivos, de diagnóstico e de reabilitação.
This dissertation aimed to analyze the relationship between hearing impairment and socioeconomic inequalities and health determinants, in Portuguese adult population, based on data from the 2015 National Health Examination Survey. Using a quantitative and descriptive approach, socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle variables were assessed to understand their impact on hearing health. The results confirm that hearing ability, besides being influenced by biological and environmental factors, is strongly linked to the social and economic conditions in which individuals live and work, which in turn determine the degree to which hearing health is affected. Lower income, reduced levels of education, and elementary occupations were significantly associated with a higher risk of hearing loss, as were some behavioral determinants, namely physical exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Individuals without professional activity also revealed greater vulnerability, associated with aging and the coexistence of chronic diseases. These results highlight that hearing disability is not only a clinical condition but also a manifestation of structural inequalities within Portuguese society. From a health management perspective, the study underscores the importance of public policies that promote health literacy and ensure equitable access to preventive, diagnostic, and rehabilitative hearing care services.
This dissertation aimed to analyze the relationship between hearing impairment and socioeconomic inequalities and health determinants, in Portuguese adult population, based on data from the 2015 National Health Examination Survey. Using a quantitative and descriptive approach, socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle variables were assessed to understand their impact on hearing health. The results confirm that hearing ability, besides being influenced by biological and environmental factors, is strongly linked to the social and economic conditions in which individuals live and work, which in turn determine the degree to which hearing health is affected. Lower income, reduced levels of education, and elementary occupations were significantly associated with a higher risk of hearing loss, as were some behavioral determinants, namely physical exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Individuals without professional activity also revealed greater vulnerability, associated with aging and the coexistence of chronic diseases. These results highlight that hearing disability is not only a clinical condition but also a manifestation of structural inequalities within Portuguese society. From a health management perspective, the study underscores the importance of public policies that promote health literacy and ensure equitable access to preventive, diagnostic, and rehabilitative hearing care services.
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Desigualdades Socioeconómicas Determinantes em Saúde Incapacidade Auditiva