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Cânhamo Industrial: Cultivo, Produção e Valorização de Coprodutos
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Resumo(s)
O presente trabalho foca-se no estudo do cânhamo industrial (Cannabis sativa L.), uma
cultura de elevada versatilidade, sustentabilidade e interesse económico. Nesta cultura
destaca-se o seu valor agronómico, ambiental e industrial, bem como a sua adaptação a
diversas condições edafoclimáticas. O estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar o
comportamento agronómico de diferentes variedades em Elvas, incluindo parâmetros
como desenvolvimento fenológico, produtividade, germinação, teor de THC e potencial
fitotóxico. Os ensaios de germinação revelaram elevadas taxas de germinação em todas
as variedades, variando entre 75,0% e 94,0%, sendo apenas observada uma redução
significativa na variedade Santhica 27 entre os dois anos de avaliação. Os ensaios de
profundidade de sementeira demonstraram que a profundidade de 3 cm proporcionou
as melhores condições para a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas. A
análise dos teores de canabinóides por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC)
demonstrou que todas as variedades apresentaram teores de THC inferiores ao limite
legal de 0,2%, variando entre valores residuais (<0,01%) e 0,10%. A variedade Futura 75
apresentou o maior teor de THC (0,03%), enquanto a Mona 16 registou o valor mais
elevado (0,10%). Os ensaios de fitotoxicidade demonstraram que os diferentes extratos
de cânhamo não afetaram significativamente a percentagem de germinação das sementes
de alface, que variou entre 82,0% e 92,5%. Contudo, observaram-se efeitos significativos
ao nível do crescimento radicular, particularmente nos extratos obtidos por decocção
e em concentrações mais elevadas, evidenciando a presença de compostos com
potencial alelopático. O comportamento agronómico do cânhamo industrial foi
fortemente influenciado pelas condições edafoclimáticas e pelas práticas culturais,
nomeadamente a data de sementeira, confirmando a importância do fotoperíodo e dos
fatores ambientais na regulação do desenvolvimento e produtividade da cultura. Este
estudo reforça o potencial do cânhamo industrial como cultura sustentável e
multifuncional nas condições do Alentejo.
This study focuses on industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a crop of considerable versatility, sustainability, and economic importance. Industrial hemp is recognised for its agronomic, environmental, and industrial value, as well as for its ability to adapt to a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of different hemp varieties under the environmental conditions of Elvas, Portugal, including phenological development, productivity, seed germination, THC content, and phytotoxic potential. The germination assays revealed high germination rates across all varieties, ranging from 75.0% to 94.0%, with a significant reduction observed only in the Santhica 27 variety between the two years of evaluation. Sowing depth trials demonstrated that a depth of 3 cm provided the most favourable conditions for seedling emergence and early development. Cannabinoid analysis by High- Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) showed that all varieties presented THC concentrations below the legal threshold of 0.2%, ranging from residual levels (<0.01%) to 0.10%. The Futura 75 variety exhibited the highest THC content (0.03%), whereas Mona 16 recorded the highest value overall (0.10%). Phytotoxicity assays demonstrated that hemp extracts did not significantly affect the germination percentage of lettuce seeds, which ranged from 82.0% to 92.5%. However, significant effects were observed on root growth, particularly in extracts obtained by decoction and at higher concentrations, indicating the presence of compounds with allelopathic potential. The agronomic performance of industrial hemp was strongly influenced by edaphoclimatic conditions and cultivation practices, particularly sowing date, confirming the importance of photoperiod and environmental factors in regulating crop development and productivity. Overall, this study highlights the potential of industrial hemp as a sustainable and multifunctional crop under the environmental conditions of the Alentejo region.
This study focuses on industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a crop of considerable versatility, sustainability, and economic importance. Industrial hemp is recognised for its agronomic, environmental, and industrial value, as well as for its ability to adapt to a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of different hemp varieties under the environmental conditions of Elvas, Portugal, including phenological development, productivity, seed germination, THC content, and phytotoxic potential. The germination assays revealed high germination rates across all varieties, ranging from 75.0% to 94.0%, with a significant reduction observed only in the Santhica 27 variety between the two years of evaluation. Sowing depth trials demonstrated that a depth of 3 cm provided the most favourable conditions for seedling emergence and early development. Cannabinoid analysis by High- Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) showed that all varieties presented THC concentrations below the legal threshold of 0.2%, ranging from residual levels (<0.01%) to 0.10%. The Futura 75 variety exhibited the highest THC content (0.03%), whereas Mona 16 recorded the highest value overall (0.10%). Phytotoxicity assays demonstrated that hemp extracts did not significantly affect the germination percentage of lettuce seeds, which ranged from 82.0% to 92.5%. However, significant effects were observed on root growth, particularly in extracts obtained by decoction and at higher concentrations, indicating the presence of compounds with allelopathic potential. The agronomic performance of industrial hemp was strongly influenced by edaphoclimatic conditions and cultivation practices, particularly sowing date, confirming the importance of photoperiod and environmental factors in regulating crop development and productivity. Overall, this study highlights the potential of industrial hemp as a sustainable and multifunctional crop under the environmental conditions of the Alentejo region.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agricultura sustentável Aproveitamento de resíduos Cannabis sativa L. Determinação de biomassa Ensaio de germinação Sementes. Biomass determination Germination assay Seeds Sustainable agriculture Waste valorization