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Publication
O impacto do material particulado no sistema imunitário
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Abstract(s)
O Mundo, desde a Revolução Industrial, vivenciou um desenvolvimento que permitiu a concretização e a descoberta de uma nova realidade: o uso de máquinas e de novas fontes de energia, tais como o carvão, a eletricidade e o petróleo.
Mas este boom de desenvolvimento tecnológico/económico trouxe consequências muito graves: problemas ambientais! Entre eles, a crescente poluição atmosférica com grande impacto na saúde da população e no ambiente. O desenvolvimento económico foi proporcional ao desenvolvimento demográfico, ao surgimento de núcleos urbanos em determinados espaços que, por sua vez, aumentaram as produções industriais, diretamente responsáveis pelo agravamento dos níveis de poluição e dos riscos de saúde até aos dias de hoje.
Um dos principais poluentes, e responsável pelos graves riscos para a saúde, é o Material Particulado (MP), ou seja, matéria sólida microscópica em suspensão, que é tóxico para o ser humano e cujo tamanho e concentração variam consoante a(s) sua(s) fonte(s).
Esta monografia teve como objetivo o reconhecimento do MP (as suas fontes, a sua constituição e as suas diferentes dimensões) e estudar o impacto que tem no nosso organismo, mormente: ao nível do Sistema Imunitário; do Sistema Respiratório; do Sistema Cardiovascular e a abordagem das doenças que podem surgir ou agravar-se devido à exposição a estas partículas, de forma a estabelecer uma relação de causa/efeito.
A resposta a este problema, passa pela prevenção, pelas medidas de controlo de libertação de MP para a atmosfera e pela importância da identificação/sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde e das populações em geral desta situação.
Para a realização desta monografia foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica científica com recurso a base de dados como: Pubmed, Medline, The royal society, Cochrane Library.
De acordo com estudos publicados verificou-se que a exposição prolongada ao MP provoca uma resposta imunitária aumentada que se reflete no surgimento/agravamento de várias doenças. Sendo urgente a sensibilização da população para a necessidade de medidas de controlo e prevenção.
Since the Industrial Revolution, the world has experienced a development that has enabled the realization and discovery of a new reality: the use of machines and new sources of energy, such as coal, electricity, and oil. But this boom in technological/economic development had very serious consequences: environmental problems! Among them, growing atmospheric pollution with a major impact on the health of the population and the environment. Economic development was proportional to demographic development and to the emergence of urban centers in certain areas which in turn, increased industrial production, directly responsible for worsening pollution levels and health risks to this day. One of the main pollutants responsible for serious health risks is particulate matter (PM), i.e. microscopic solid matter in suspension, which is toxic to humans and whose size and concentration differ depending on its source(s). The aim of this monograph was to recognize PM (its sources, its constitution, and its different dimensions) and to study the impact it has on our bodies, particularly: on the immune system; the respiratory system; the cardiovascular system and to address the diseases that can arise or be aggravated by exposure to these particles, in order to establish a cause/effect relationship. The answer to this problem involves prevention as well as measures to control the release of PM into the atmosphere and furthermore the identifying/raising awareness of this situation among health professionals and the public. For this monograph, a scientific literature search was carried out using databases such as Pubmed, Medline, The Royal Society and the Cochrane Library. According to published studies, prolonged exposure to particulate matter causes an increased immune response which is reflected in the appearance/aggravation of various diseases. There is an urgent need to raise public awareness of the need for control and prevention measures.
Since the Industrial Revolution, the world has experienced a development that has enabled the realization and discovery of a new reality: the use of machines and new sources of energy, such as coal, electricity, and oil. But this boom in technological/economic development had very serious consequences: environmental problems! Among them, growing atmospheric pollution with a major impact on the health of the population and the environment. Economic development was proportional to demographic development and to the emergence of urban centers in certain areas which in turn, increased industrial production, directly responsible for worsening pollution levels and health risks to this day. One of the main pollutants responsible for serious health risks is particulate matter (PM), i.e. microscopic solid matter in suspension, which is toxic to humans and whose size and concentration differ depending on its source(s). The aim of this monograph was to recognize PM (its sources, its constitution, and its different dimensions) and to study the impact it has on our bodies, particularly: on the immune system; the respiratory system; the cardiovascular system and to address the diseases that can arise or be aggravated by exposure to these particles, in order to establish a cause/effect relationship. The answer to this problem involves prevention as well as measures to control the release of PM into the atmosphere and furthermore the identifying/raising awareness of this situation among health professionals and the public. For this monograph, a scientific literature search was carried out using databases such as Pubmed, Medline, The Royal Society and the Cochrane Library. According to published studies, prolonged exposure to particulate matter causes an increased immune response which is reflected in the appearance/aggravation of various diseases. There is an urgent need to raise public awareness of the need for control and prevention measures.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Material particulado Sistema imunitário Poluição do ar Saúde Doenças cardiovasculares Doenças respiratórias Doenças imunitárias