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Desenvolvimento de testes de imagens para avaliação da identificação/reconhecimento vocal em crianças
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Abstract(s)
Objectivos: Numa primeira fase pretendeu-se especificar os requisitos de uma ferramenta de software que permitisse implementar um novo teste de imagem para avaliação da identificação/reconhecimento vocal em crianças. Numa segunda fase, com o recurso à ferramenta entretanto desenvolvida pelo Professor Doutor António Carvalho Santos, pretendeu-se configurá-la de forma a ser possível administrar o teste seleccionado à população portuguesa de forma a validar e normalizar os resultados. Paralelamente, procedeu-se à avaliação da plataforma desenvolvida com o intuito de a melhorar de forma a torná-la numa ferramenta de trabalho no dia a dia de um Audiologista. Assim, foi definido o conjunto de testes de imagens que a ferramenta obrigatoriamente teria que suportar. De seguida, fez-se o levantamento das especificações do teste de imagens e criou-se uma matriz de características comuns e de diferenças encontradas nos diversos testes estudados, para cada classe. Posteriormente, desenvolveu-se os estímulos necessários para a realização do teste e, por fim, aplicou-se o teste numa população e analisaram-se dos resultados.
Métodos: Inicialmente foi realizado um questionário sobre os materiais utilizados por diferentes Audiologistas a nível nacional no que concerne à prática clinica do teste de imagens. Procedeu-se à criação dos estímulos através do audacity e à recolha das imagens. De seguida, foi estabelecido um protocolo para o procedimento da realização do teste de imagens para proceder à recolha da amostra constituída por 21 crianças sendo que 11 foram do sexo feminino e 10 do sexo masculino.
Nesta fase, a autora procedeu à realização de otoscopia, timpanograma, ATS e pesquisa do SRT e discriminação vocal através do teste de imagens.
Resultados: Através do programa informático SPSS realizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, que é uma medida de correlação não paramétrica, onde os limiares obtidos através do teste de imagens reforçam e comprovam os limiares obtidos no ATS. Portanto,foi possível constatar que de facto existe correlação entre o SRT e PTM nas frequências testadas.
Conclusões: Urge a necessidade de actualização do material utilizado na população infantil. As listas de palavras utilizadas para a realização da AV não se encontram equilibradas foneticamente para além, de maioritariamente das listas utilizadas não estarem disponíveis e devidamente validadas para português Europeu.
A criação da plataforma para avaliação vocal na faixa etária dos 3 aos 5 anos, considerada com menor disponibilidade de testes para avaliação auditiva foi efectuada com sucesso, tendo em vista a sua utilização futura a curto e médio prazo.
Os sons mais importantes traduzidos pelo ouvido são os que compõem os sons da fala. A fala é o meio pelo qual a comunicação baseada na linguagem é transmitida. A importância da relação entre os sinais da fala e a audição foi reconhecida há mais de um século por Oscar Wolf que considerou a fala como “a forma mais perfeita para testar o poder da audição, já que a mesma incorpora as nuances mais delicadas de frequência, intensidade e características do som”. (Musiek & Rintelmam, 2001)
Objectives: On a first stage it was intended to specify the requirements for a software tool that may allows implementing a new image test to evaluate the vocal identification/recognition on children. On a second stage, using the tool meanwhile developed by PhD Professor António Carvalho Santos, it was intended to formatize it in order to enable using the selected test on the Portuguese population allowing the validation and normalization of the results. Simultaneously, the developed platform was assessed with the intention of improving it in order to make it a day-to-day tool for an Audiologist. Therefore, the amount of image tests that the tool mandatorily would have to support was defined. Following it was raised up the image tests specifications and a matrix of common characteristics and differences founded on the different studied tests for each class. Afterwards, the needed stimulations for the test implementation were developed and finally the test was applied on a population and results were analyzed. Methods: Initially a query at national level was carried out about the test practice and stimulations where audacity were used and the images collection. Then, a procedures protocol was established for the using of the images test for the collection of the sample consisting in 21 children, being 11 female and 10 male. On this stage the authors carried out on otoscopy, tympanogram, ATS and search the SRT and vocal discrimination through the images test. Results: Through the computer program SPSS the correlation coefficient of Spearman was carried out, which is a measure of a nonparametric correlation, where the thresholds obtained through the images test reinforce and confirm the thresholds obtained in ATS. Therefore, it was established that in fact there is a correlation between the SRT and PTM within the frequencies tested. Conclusions: It is urgent to update the material used in the pediatric population. The current words lists to perform AV are not phonetically balanced and in addition to it, the majority of the lists used are not available and properly validated for European Portuguese. The creation of platform to vocal evaluation for the ages between 3 to 5 years, considered with less availability of tests for hearing evaluation, was completed successfully, in order to be used in a short to medium term. The speech sounds are the most important sounds translated by the ear. Speech is the means by where communication based on language is transmitted. The importance of the relationship between the speech signs and hearing has been recognized for over a century by Oscar Wolf that considered speech as "the most perfect way to test the power of hearing, since it incorporates the most delicate nuances of frequency, intensity and characteristics of sound."(Rintelmam & Musiek, 2001
Objectives: On a first stage it was intended to specify the requirements for a software tool that may allows implementing a new image test to evaluate the vocal identification/recognition on children. On a second stage, using the tool meanwhile developed by PhD Professor António Carvalho Santos, it was intended to formatize it in order to enable using the selected test on the Portuguese population allowing the validation and normalization of the results. Simultaneously, the developed platform was assessed with the intention of improving it in order to make it a day-to-day tool for an Audiologist. Therefore, the amount of image tests that the tool mandatorily would have to support was defined. Following it was raised up the image tests specifications and a matrix of common characteristics and differences founded on the different studied tests for each class. Afterwards, the needed stimulations for the test implementation were developed and finally the test was applied on a population and results were analyzed. Methods: Initially a query at national level was carried out about the test practice and stimulations where audacity were used and the images collection. Then, a procedures protocol was established for the using of the images test for the collection of the sample consisting in 21 children, being 11 female and 10 male. On this stage the authors carried out on otoscopy, tympanogram, ATS and search the SRT and vocal discrimination through the images test. Results: Through the computer program SPSS the correlation coefficient of Spearman was carried out, which is a measure of a nonparametric correlation, where the thresholds obtained through the images test reinforce and confirm the thresholds obtained in ATS. Therefore, it was established that in fact there is a correlation between the SRT and PTM within the frequencies tested. Conclusions: It is urgent to update the material used in the pediatric population. The current words lists to perform AV are not phonetically balanced and in addition to it, the majority of the lists used are not available and properly validated for European Portuguese. The creation of platform to vocal evaluation for the ages between 3 to 5 years, considered with less availability of tests for hearing evaluation, was completed successfully, in order to be used in a short to medium term. The speech sounds are the most important sounds translated by the ear. Speech is the means by where communication based on language is transmitted. The importance of the relationship between the speech signs and hearing has been recognized for over a century by Oscar Wolf that considered speech as "the most perfect way to test the power of hearing, since it incorporates the most delicate nuances of frequency, intensity and characteristics of sound."(Rintelmam & Musiek, 2001
Description
Keywords
Audição Linguagem Desenvolvimento Avaliação Criança Hearing Language Development Evaluation Child