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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A reabilitação oral, nas situações de perda de peças dentÔrias, encontra na tecnologia de implantes osteointegrados para suporte de próteses, uma solução mais vantajosa para o doente que as metodologias anteriores. Os estudos de Lekholm U (Lekholm, Gröndahl, & Jemt, 2006) apontam para sobrevidas do implante, em torno de 90%, aos 20 anos.
Apesar de bons resultados em alguns doentes, especialmente nos que apresentam uma estrutura óssea de menor qualidade, ocorrem falhas nos implantes. VÔrias técnicas, têm vindo a ser implementadas para ultrapassar esta dificuldade, sendo uma delas, objeto da presente tese, a técnica de osseodensificação (OD).
Neste trabalho pretendeu-se averiguar qual o grau de evidĆŖncia existente, relativo Ć OD que sustenta a hipótese de que esta tĆ©cnica incrementa a viabilidade dos implantes. Para melhor enquadramento sĆ£o abordados os temas āestabilidade primĆ”ria e secundĆ”riaā, ārĆ”pida cicatrizaçãoā, āexpansĆ£o alveolarā, āelevação do seioā aos quais esta tĆ©cnica estĆ” associada.
Conclui-se que os estudos existentes, que efetuam avaliaƧƵes comparadas do mĆ©todo da osseodensificação (OD) com o mĆ©todo standard de perfuração (SD), com validade cientĆfica e anĆ”lises de significĆ¢ncia estatĆstica, sĆ£o estudos experimentais em animais ou estudos laboratoriais que concluem que o mĆ©todo de OD incrementa a estabilidade primĆ”ria e secundĆ”ria do implante. NĆ£o foram identificados ensaios clĆnicos prospetivos e randomizados que validem o mĆ©todo, no entanto identificaram-se publicaƧƵes de āreporte de casosā que atestam a eficĆ”cia do mĆ©todo.
Considerando tratar-se de uma tĆ©cnica recente, nĆ£o Ć© ainda possĆvel saber qual o impacto a longo prazo.
ConcluĆmos, com base em ciĆŖncia de translação e nos princĆpios fisiológicos implicados nesta tĆ©cnica, que o mĆ©todo de osseodensificação tende a incrementar a probabilidade da viabilidade do implante a curto e longo prazo, em especial nas situaƧƵes de maior risco.
The oral rehabilitation, in situations of teeth loss, finds in osteointegrated implant technology a better solution for the patient with implant-supported prostheses, than older methods. Lekholm U (Lekholm, Grƶndahl, & Jemt, 2006) studies state that around 90% of implants survive more than 20 years. Although the good results, in some patients, implant failures do occur especially in the ones with a lower bone structure quality. To suppress these failures several techniques have been being implemented. One of these techniques is called Osseodensification and will be the object of this thesis. The present thesis intends to investigate the degree of evidence produced regarding the premise that Osseodensification technique increases implant viability. To understand this technique, the themes āprimary and secondary stabilityā, ārapid healingā, āalveolar expansionā and āsinus elevationā were considered. The thesis concluded that there is solid evidence that OD method increases primary and secondary implant stability. This conclusion is based on studies which perform comparative evaluations of the Osseodensification (OD) method with the standard drilling (SD) method. These studies have scientific validity supported on statistical analyzes with determination on the significance of the results, from data of experimental animal studies or laboratory studies. No prospective randomized clinical trials validating the method were identified, however case report publications were found that attest to the effectiveness of the method were identified. Given that OD is a recent technique, the long-term impact is not yet possible to determine. In this dissertation it is concluded that the OD method tends to increase the probability of short and long-term implant viability, especially in higher risk situations, based on translational science and the rationality of the technique.
The oral rehabilitation, in situations of teeth loss, finds in osteointegrated implant technology a better solution for the patient with implant-supported prostheses, than older methods. Lekholm U (Lekholm, Grƶndahl, & Jemt, 2006) studies state that around 90% of implants survive more than 20 years. Although the good results, in some patients, implant failures do occur especially in the ones with a lower bone structure quality. To suppress these failures several techniques have been being implemented. One of these techniques is called Osseodensification and will be the object of this thesis. The present thesis intends to investigate the degree of evidence produced regarding the premise that Osseodensification technique increases implant viability. To understand this technique, the themes āprimary and secondary stabilityā, ārapid healingā, āalveolar expansionā and āsinus elevationā were considered. The thesis concluded that there is solid evidence that OD method increases primary and secondary implant stability. This conclusion is based on studies which perform comparative evaluations of the Osseodensification (OD) method with the standard drilling (SD) method. These studies have scientific validity supported on statistical analyzes with determination on the significance of the results, from data of experimental animal studies or laboratory studies. No prospective randomized clinical trials validating the method were identified, however case report publications were found that attest to the effectiveness of the method were identified. Given that OD is a recent technique, the long-term impact is not yet possible to determine. In this dissertation it is concluded that the OD method tends to increase the probability of short and long-term implant viability, especially in higher risk situations, based on translational science and the rationality of the technique.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto UniversitÔrio Egas Moniz
Keywords
Levantamento do seio maxilar Osseodensificação Estabilidade primÔria e secundÔria Perda de implantes Propriedades ósseas
