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Publication
Resolução de problemas de subtração no 2º ano de escolaridade
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| 1.73 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente estudo integra-se na área da matemática, mais propriamente na
resolução de problemas, tendo como principal objetivo compreender e caracterizar o
modo como alunos do 2.º ano resolvem problemas de subtração. Neste âmbito, este
estudo pretende identificar as estratégias usadas pelos alunos e as dificuldades que
manifestam quando resolvem problemas de subtração.
A fundamentação teórica apresenta tópicos essenciais para o estudo,
nomeadamente: a aprendizagem da subtração; os sentidos da subtração; a resolução
de problemas; as dificuldades na resolução de problemas; as estratégias gerais de
resolução de problemas e as estratégias de resolução de problemas de subtração; e,
por fim, a aprendizagem da subtração nas orientações curriculares.
O estudo enquadra-se numa abordagem qualitativa de natureza interpretativa.
Todos os 25 alunos participaram na resolução dos problemas, mas apenas três foram
selecionados para que se realizasse uma análise mais profunda das suas resoluções.
A proposta pedagógica elaborada, constituída por oito problemas, foi
desenvolvida ao longo de seis semanas. Durante esse tempo, foram recolhidos os
dados necessários à investigação, conseguida principalmente através da observação
participante e da recolha documental.
As conclusões do estudo mostram que os alunos recorrem a diversas
estratégias para resolver problemas e que as principais dificuldades que os alunos
apresentaram na resolução dos mesmos são relacionadas com a compreensão dos
problemas, a dificuldade em encontrar a estratégia apropriada e a dificuldade no
processo de resolução.
The present study is integrated in the area of mathematics, more properly in problem solving, with the main objective of understanding and characterizing the way 2nd grade students solve subtraction problems. In this framework, this study intends to identify the strategies used by students and the difficulties they manifest when solving subtraction problems. The theoretical framework presents essential topics for the study, namely: the learning of subtraction; The subtraction sense; Problem solving; Difficulties in solving problems; General problem-solving strategies and strategies for solving problems of subtraction; And, finally, the learning of subtraction according to the school curriculum. The study follows a qualitative approach of the interpretative paradigm. All 25 students participated in solving the problems, but only three were selected for further analysis of their resolutions. The pedagogical proposal, that consists in eight problems, was developed throughout six lessons. During that time, the necessary data for the investigation was collected through participant observation and documental collection. The final results for this project show that the students use diverse strategies to solve problems and that the major difficulties revealed by the students are related to understanding the problem, difficulty in finding the proper strategy and difficulty in resolution process.
The present study is integrated in the area of mathematics, more properly in problem solving, with the main objective of understanding and characterizing the way 2nd grade students solve subtraction problems. In this framework, this study intends to identify the strategies used by students and the difficulties they manifest when solving subtraction problems. The theoretical framework presents essential topics for the study, namely: the learning of subtraction; The subtraction sense; Problem solving; Difficulties in solving problems; General problem-solving strategies and strategies for solving problems of subtraction; And, finally, the learning of subtraction according to the school curriculum. The study follows a qualitative approach of the interpretative paradigm. All 25 students participated in solving the problems, but only three were selected for further analysis of their resolutions. The pedagogical proposal, that consists in eight problems, was developed throughout six lessons. During that time, the necessary data for the investigation was collected through participant observation and documental collection. The final results for this project show that the students use diverse strategies to solve problems and that the major difficulties revealed by the students are related to understanding the problem, difficulty in finding the proper strategy and difficulty in resolution process.
Description
Keywords
Aprendizagem da subtração Resolução de problemas Estratégias de resolução de problemas de subtração Dificuldades dos alunos na resolução de problemas Subtraction learning Problem solving Subtraction problem solving strategies Students difficulty in problem solving Relatório de projeto de investigação Relatório de estágio