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A transformação digital da sociedade trouxe novos desafios à investigação criminal, em particular no que respeita à recolha, preservação e apresentação de prova digital em tribunal. A natureza volátil e facilmente manipulável destes elementos probatórios torna a sua gestão especialmente exigente, revelando fragilidades no modelo tradicional da cadeia de custódia, ainda muito dependente de registos manuais e de sistemas centralizados. Neste enquadramento, a tecnologia blockchain apresenta-se como uma alternativa inovadora, capaz de assegurar um registo transparente, imutável e verificável de todas as operações realizadas sobre a prova. A conjugação desta tecnologia com contratos inteligentes permite, adicionalmente, realizar tarefas como o registo inicial da prova recolhida, a validação das transferências de custódia, a gestão de acessos diferenciados e a emissão de notificações processuais. O trabalho analisa as limitações do modelo atualmente em vigor, examina experiências internacionais relevantes e propõe um modelo conceptual de integração entre a PSP e o sistema de justiça assente em blockchain permissionada e contratos inteligentes. Pretende-se, deste modo, contribuir para o reforço da fiabilidade da prova digital, para a interoperabilidade entre instituições e para a confiança dos cidadãos na administração da justiça.
The digital transformation of society has introduced new challenges to criminal investigations, particularly regarding the collection, preservation, and presentation of digital evidence in court. The volatile and easily manipulated nature of such evidence makes its management especially demanding, exposing vulnerabilities in the traditional chain of custody model, which still relies heavily on manual records and centralized systems. In this context, blockchain technology emerges as an innovative solution, capable of ensuring a transparent, immutable, and verifiable record of all operations performed on digital evidence. When combined with smart contracts, it additionally enables the automation of key tasks such as the initial registration of collected evidence, the validation of custody transfers, differentiated access management, and the issuance of procedural notifications. This study analyses the limitations of the current model, reviews relevant international practices, and proposes a conceptual framework for integrating a permissioned blockchain and smart contracts between the PSP and the justice system. In doing so, it seeks to strengthen the reliability of digital evidence, enhance institutional interoperability, and foster public trust in the administration of justice.
The digital transformation of society has introduced new challenges to criminal investigations, particularly regarding the collection, preservation, and presentation of digital evidence in court. The volatile and easily manipulated nature of such evidence makes its management especially demanding, exposing vulnerabilities in the traditional chain of custody model, which still relies heavily on manual records and centralized systems. In this context, blockchain technology emerges as an innovative solution, capable of ensuring a transparent, immutable, and verifiable record of all operations performed on digital evidence. When combined with smart contracts, it additionally enables the automation of key tasks such as the initial registration of collected evidence, the validation of custody transfers, differentiated access management, and the issuance of procedural notifications. This study analyses the limitations of the current model, reviews relevant international practices, and proposes a conceptual framework for integrating a permissioned blockchain and smart contracts between the PSP and the justice system. In doing so, it seeks to strengthen the reliability of digital evidence, enhance institutional interoperability, and foster public trust in the administration of justice.
Descrição
Trabalho individual final do Curso de Comando e Direção Policial
Palavras-chave
Blockchain cadeia de custódia contratos inteligentes investigação criminal prova digital. chain of custody criminal investigation digital evidence smart contracts.
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Licença CC
Sem licença CC
