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Síntese da evidência disponível sobre segurança no transporte em automóveis em idade pediátrica: uma scoping review
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| 2.03 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A criança assume o papel de ocupante de automóvel em algum momento da sua vida. A mortalidade infantil associada aos acidentes rodoviários encontra- -se no topo das causas de mortes acidentais infantis. Esta crise global, onde ocorre uma evolução dos veículos a motor acompanha-se de uma medida eficaz na prevenção de lesões associadas a acidentes rodoviários, a utilização de sistemas de retenção para crianças. Os cuidados com o transporte automóvel têm implícita a responsabilidade parental e dos profissionais de saúde de quem se espera a promoção de segurança infantil. Para a enfermagem atuar clinicamente com práticas baseadas na evidência implica uma atualização de conhecimento nesta área.
Com este estudo pretende-se contribuir para a tomada de decisão dos enfermeiros na promoção da segurança das crianças quando transportadas em automóveis. O objetivo é mapear os conceitos chave relacionados com a segurança no transporte em automóveis em idade pediátrica disponíveis na investigação científica e, se possível, quais os tipos de evidência.
A scoping review é a metodologia utilizada, de acordo com as orientações do Joanna Briggs Institute. Englobaram-se estudos revistos por pares, desde 2004, nas línguas espanhol, francês, inglês e português, que abordassem a segurança rodoviária, em transporte automóvel de crianças até aos nove anos, inclusive. Identificaram-se os conceitos educação parental, caraterísticas dos pais/cuidadores, caraterísticas do motorista, caraterísticas da criança, outros intervenientes, legislação, fiscalização, tipos de lesões, caraterísticas do acidente, lotação do veículo, carga solta, caraterísticas do dispositivo, custo, instalação do dispositivo, localização do dispositivo, posição da criança no dispositivo, transição de dispositivo e qualidade da retenção. A evidência disponível apresentou estudos do tipo caso controlo, estudos coorte, estudos transversais analíticos, interpretative and critical research, case series, revisões sistemáticas e sínteses de investigação, estudos randomizados controlados, estudo quasi-experimentais, avaliações económicas, estudos de precisão diagnóstica, estudos de prevalência e estudos de texto e opinião.
Esta revisão permitiu conhecer e sintetizar a evidência disponível relativa à segurança no transporte em automóvel da população pediátrica.
A child takes on the role of a car occupant at some point in their life. Childhood mortality associated with road traffic accidents is among the leading causes of accidental deaths in children. This global crisis, alongside the evolution of motor vehicles, accompanies effective measures for preventing injuries related to road traffic accidents, such as the use of child restraint systems. Care regarding automobile transport implies parental responsibility and that of healthcare professionals who are expected to promote child safety. For nursing to operate clinically with evidence-based practice, an update of knowledge in this area is essential. The aim is to create conditions for research and decision-making that facilitate healthcare professionals. The objective is to map key concepts related to safety in automobile transport in pediatrics available in scientific research and, if possible, identify the types of evidence. The scoping review is the methodology used, following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Studies reviewed included peer-reviewed articles since 2004, in Spanish, French, English, and Portuguese, addressing road safety in the transport of children up to 10 years of age, exclusive. The concepts parental education, parent/caregiver characteristics, driver characteristics, child characteristics, other stakeholders, legislation, enforcement, types of injuries, accident characteristics, vehicle capacity, loose cargo, device characteristics, cost, device installation, device location, child's position in the device, device transition and quality retention were identified. The available evidence included case-control studies, cohort studies, analytical cross-sectional studies, interpretive and critical research, case series, systematic reviews and research synthesis, randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, economic evaluations, diagnostic test accuracy, prevalence studies, and text and opinion studies. This review provided insight into the available evidence regarding safety in automobile transport for the pediatric population, organizing it in a way that may contribute to a data model of the ontology regarding parents' knowledge of safety and in the intervention of teaching parents about safety measures in transport.
A child takes on the role of a car occupant at some point in their life. Childhood mortality associated with road traffic accidents is among the leading causes of accidental deaths in children. This global crisis, alongside the evolution of motor vehicles, accompanies effective measures for preventing injuries related to road traffic accidents, such as the use of child restraint systems. Care regarding automobile transport implies parental responsibility and that of healthcare professionals who are expected to promote child safety. For nursing to operate clinically with evidence-based practice, an update of knowledge in this area is essential. The aim is to create conditions for research and decision-making that facilitate healthcare professionals. The objective is to map key concepts related to safety in automobile transport in pediatrics available in scientific research and, if possible, identify the types of evidence. The scoping review is the methodology used, following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Studies reviewed included peer-reviewed articles since 2004, in Spanish, French, English, and Portuguese, addressing road safety in the transport of children up to 10 years of age, exclusive. The concepts parental education, parent/caregiver characteristics, driver characteristics, child characteristics, other stakeholders, legislation, enforcement, types of injuries, accident characteristics, vehicle capacity, loose cargo, device characteristics, cost, device installation, device location, child's position in the device, device transition and quality retention were identified. The available evidence included case-control studies, cohort studies, analytical cross-sectional studies, interpretive and critical research, case series, systematic reviews and research synthesis, randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, economic evaluations, diagnostic test accuracy, prevalence studies, and text and opinion studies. This review provided insight into the available evidence regarding safety in automobile transport for the pediatric population, organizing it in a way that may contribute to a data model of the ontology regarding parents' knowledge of safety and in the intervention of teaching parents about safety measures in transport.
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Keywords
criança lactente retenção automóvel segurança