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Potenciais benefícios terapêuticos dos canabinoides
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| 1.32 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Esta monografia tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura especializada, de modo a avaliar possíveis benefícios terapêuticos do consumo de canábis, nomeadamente das suas substâncias ativas, os canabinoides.
São cada vez mais os estudos que têm mostrado evidências de que os canabinoides, com principal destaque para o Canabidiol (CBD), têm aplicações na medicina para o tratamento de diversas doenças, tais como esclerose múltipla, epilepsia, depressão ou dor crónica causada pela artrite ou fibromialgia, entre muitas outras finalidades terapêuticas.
Isto deve-se ao facto do CBD e similares serem agonistas do sistema endocanabinoide, um complexo sistema de sinalização presente nos humanos e outros mamíferos, responsável por regular uma série de funções vitais, tais como dor, apetite, humor, memória, sono, ciclos celulares e respostas imunológicas.
O tetrahidrocanabinol (THC), é outro dos principais canabinoides que tem sido alvo de diversos estudos, no entanto, possui a particularidade de provocar efeitos psicoativos, podendo produzir uma sensação de euforia e alterações das funções cognitivas, que não se verificam no CBD, que contrariamente apresenta efeitos calmantes no sistema nervoso central, sendo por isso utilizado para o alívio de dores crónicas, inflamação, ansiedade e até mesmo epilepsia. Devido ao seu potencial psicoativo, o THC está sujeito a regulamentações mais rígidas em muitos países.
Apesar de apresentar estes efeitos psicoativos, diversos estudos têm demonstrando que, para algumas situações, o benefício pode ser superior ao risco, tanto em monoterapia, como em tratamentos que utilizam associações de THC e CBD.
Um dos principais objetivos dos estudos, é entender qual a melhor via de administração e respetiva dosagem, de modo a que o efeito terapêutico esperado, seja o mais eficaz e com o menor número possível de reações adversas.
Em Portugal, o uso medicinal encontra-se legalizado e existe apenas um medicamento derivado da canábis em circulação no mercado português, o Sativex, indicado como tratamento para a melhoria dos sintomas em doentes adultos com esclerose múltipla (EM) com espasticidade moderada a grave. Esta é, portanto, uma área de grande interesse e potencial para revolucionar o setor farmacêutico.
This monograph aims to systematic review the state state-of -knowledgeknowledge, concerning the therapeutic benefits of cannabis consumption, particularly its active substances, the cannabinoids. There is a growing body of evidence focusing on the application of these substances, particularly Cannabidiol (CBD), in medicine to treat various diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, depression or chronic pain caused by arthritis or fibromyalgia, among many other therapeutic purposes. This is due to CBD and other cannabinoids being agonists of the endocannabinoid system, a complex signaling system present in the humans and other mammals, which is responsible for regulating a series of external functions, such as pain, apetite, humor, memory, sleep, cell cycles and immunological responses. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is another of the main cannabinoids that has been the subject of several studies. However, unlike CBD which has a soothing effect on the Central Nervous system, THC causes psychoactive effects, which can produce a feeling of euphoria and changes in cognitive functions. Therefore, due to its psychoactive potential, THC is subject to stricter regulations in many countries. Nevertheless, several studies have been carried out, demonstrating that in some circumstances, the benefit may be greater than the risk, both in monotherapy and in combined applications of THC and CBD. One of the main goals of existing studies is to understand which is the best administration route and dosage to enhance the therapeutic while reducing possible adverse events. In Portugal, medicinal use is legalized but there is only one medicine derived from cannabis being marketed, Sativex, indicated for the treatment of adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffering from moderate to severe spasticity. Therefore, this is an area of great interest and potential to revolutionize the pharmaceutical sector.
This monograph aims to systematic review the state state-of -knowledgeknowledge, concerning the therapeutic benefits of cannabis consumption, particularly its active substances, the cannabinoids. There is a growing body of evidence focusing on the application of these substances, particularly Cannabidiol (CBD), in medicine to treat various diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, depression or chronic pain caused by arthritis or fibromyalgia, among many other therapeutic purposes. This is due to CBD and other cannabinoids being agonists of the endocannabinoid system, a complex signaling system present in the humans and other mammals, which is responsible for regulating a series of external functions, such as pain, apetite, humor, memory, sleep, cell cycles and immunological responses. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is another of the main cannabinoids that has been the subject of several studies. However, unlike CBD which has a soothing effect on the Central Nervous system, THC causes psychoactive effects, which can produce a feeling of euphoria and changes in cognitive functions. Therefore, due to its psychoactive potential, THC is subject to stricter regulations in many countries. Nevertheless, several studies have been carried out, demonstrating that in some circumstances, the benefit may be greater than the risk, both in monotherapy and in combined applications of THC and CBD. One of the main goals of existing studies is to understand which is the best administration route and dosage to enhance the therapeutic while reducing possible adverse events. In Portugal, medicinal use is legalized but there is only one medicine derived from cannabis being marketed, Sativex, indicated for the treatment of adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffering from moderate to severe spasticity. Therefore, this is an area of great interest and potential to revolutionize the pharmaceutical sector.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Canábis Canabinoides Benefícios terapêuticos THC CBD Sativex Legalização