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Qualidade de vida e autonomia das pessoas idosas que vivem sozinhas no domicílio
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Estudar a qualidade de vida das pessoas idosas é um aspecto que cada vez tem maior relevância na sociedade
actual, dado à crescente prevalência de doenças crónicas e ao aumento da esperança de vida. É pois fundamental
identi(car os factores que interferem no aumento ou diminuição da qualidade de vida quando se cuida de
pessoas idosas. Tal conhecimento contribui não só para fundamentar os cuidados de Enfermagem, como para
melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados prestados à pessoa idosa. Esta realidade conduziu à questão central do estudo:
Que qualidade de vida, relacionada com a autonomia, têm as pessoas idosas que vivem sozinhas no domicílio?
Através da realização de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e transversal, situado num paradigma quantitativo,
teve-se como propósito analisar a relação entre a autonomia versus dependência em actividades de vida diária e a
qualidade de vida das pessoas idosas que vivem sozinhas no seu domicílio habitual.
Foi constituída uma amostra acidental, com 118 pessoas que apresentavam em média 75,7 anos (DP= 7,0) e
residiam nos Concelhos de Oeiras e Cascais. Foi-lhes aplicado um questionário de auto-preenchimento, para
a obtenção de dados: sócio-demográ(cos, autonomia/dependência em actividades de vida diária: actividades
básicas - Índice de Barthel (alpha de Cronbach`s, 0,17) e actividades instrumentais - Índice de Lawton(Alpha de
Cronbach`s, 0,76) e de percepção de qualidade de vida (MOS-SF36) (Alpha de Cronbach`s, 0,93).
Os dados relativos às actividades básicas de vida diária utilizaram-se apenas para caracterização da amostra.
Maior autonomia nas actividades instrumentais de vida diária verifcou-se no uso de telefone e responsabilidade
com a medicação.
Os participantes apresentaram percepção de uma qualidade de vida razoável (média por dimensão superior a
46 pontos). As dimensões função social e desempenho emocional surgem como as mais favoráveis (média 81,6
e 73,9, respectivamente) da qualidade de vida avaliada. A autonomia em geral nas actividades instrumentais
associou-se a percepção de melhor Qualidade de Vida. Foi encontrada relação entre sexo, anos de escolaridade
e Qualidade de Vida.
Studying the quality of life among the elderly is having increasing relevance in present-day society due to the growing prevalence of chronic diseases and the increase in life expectancy. It is, therefore, fundamental to identify those factors that can account for the growth or drop in quality of life when providing care to elderly people. Such Knowledge contributes not only to justify nursing care but also to improve the quality of care delivered to the elderly.Wis fact led to the central issue of the present study: As regards personal autonomy, what quality of life do elderly living alone have at their usual place of residence. An exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study, following the quantitative paradigm, was carried out to analyze the relation between autonomy versus dependence in activities of daily living and the quality of life among the elderly who live alone at their usual place of residence. We selected accidental sample consisted of 118 people with an average age of 75, 7 (SD= 7,0) residing in Oeiras and Cascais Municipalities. Wey were asked to answer a self-report questionnaire in order to obtain: socio-demographic data, autonomy/dependency in activities of daily living: basic activities – Barthel’s Index (Cronbach’s alpha=0, 17), and instrumental activities – Lawton Index (Cronbach’s alpha, 0, 76), and data on perception of quality of life (MOS SF-36) (Cronbach’s alpha = 0, 93). Data concerning the basic activities of daily living were only used to characterize the sample. Higher levels of autonomy were found in the use of the telephone and responsibility for medication. People sampled revealed perception of a reasonable quality of life (average per dimension higher than 46 points). We social function and emotional performance dimensions appear as the most favorable (average 81, 6 and 73, 9 respectively) in the quality of life assessed. Autonomy, by and large, in instrumental activities was associated with the perception of a better Quality of Life. A relation was found between gender, the number of years of schooling and Quality of Life.
Studying the quality of life among the elderly is having increasing relevance in present-day society due to the growing prevalence of chronic diseases and the increase in life expectancy. It is, therefore, fundamental to identify those factors that can account for the growth or drop in quality of life when providing care to elderly people. Such Knowledge contributes not only to justify nursing care but also to improve the quality of care delivered to the elderly.Wis fact led to the central issue of the present study: As regards personal autonomy, what quality of life do elderly living alone have at their usual place of residence. An exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study, following the quantitative paradigm, was carried out to analyze the relation between autonomy versus dependence in activities of daily living and the quality of life among the elderly who live alone at their usual place of residence. We selected accidental sample consisted of 118 people with an average age of 75, 7 (SD= 7,0) residing in Oeiras and Cascais Municipalities. Wey were asked to answer a self-report questionnaire in order to obtain: socio-demographic data, autonomy/dependency in activities of daily living: basic activities – Barthel’s Index (Cronbach’s alpha=0, 17), and instrumental activities – Lawton Index (Cronbach’s alpha, 0, 76), and data on perception of quality of life (MOS SF-36) (Cronbach’s alpha = 0, 93). Data concerning the basic activities of daily living were only used to characterize the sample. Higher levels of autonomy were found in the use of the telephone and responsibility for medication. People sampled revealed perception of a reasonable quality of life (average per dimension higher than 46 points). We social function and emotional performance dimensions appear as the most favorable (average 81, 6 and 73, 9 respectively) in the quality of life assessed. Autonomy, by and large, in instrumental activities was associated with the perception of a better Quality of Life. A relation was found between gender, the number of years of schooling and Quality of Life.
Description
Keywords
Qualidade de vida autonomia pessoa idosa.
Citation
Publisher
Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto