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Promoção do Alívio do Sofrimento na Pessoa com Necessidades Paliativas em Fim de Vida - Projeto de Desenvolvimento de Competências Clínicas Especializadas na Área da Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na Área da Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Paliativa
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente relatório de estágio de natureza profissional surge no âmbito do 1º curso de
Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação
Paliativa da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. Pretende aprofundar a promoção do alívio
do sofrimento na pessoa com necessidades paliativas e aquisição das competências intrínsecas
ao enfermeiro especialista em médico-cirúrgica, assim como competências especificas em
cuidados paliativos.
Num cenário em que a sociedade está envelhecendo progressivamente e enfrentando um
aumento nas doenças crónicas e terminais, os cuidados paliativos desempenham um papel
crucial. Eles se concentram não apenas no tratamento da doença, mas também na melhoria da
qualidade de vida e na preservação da dignidade da pessoa.
O objetivo deste relatório é descrever o progresso alcançado durante o período do ensino
clínico. Foi construído utilizando abordagens descritivas e de análise crítica, com o intuito de
descrever as situações vivenciadas e, ao mesmo tempo, refletir sobre essas experiências, tudo
isso em paralelo com a análise da evidência científica disponível.
Após detalhada exposição das atividades concretizadas durante a prática clínica, que resultaram
no aprimoramento de competências gerais e específicas em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica
voltadas para pessoas em situação paliativa, apresentamos a caracterização dos ambientes
clínicos envolvidos e a descrição de dois estudos de caso que constituíram o estágio de natureza
profissional. Através da análise dos casos clínicos em contextos diferentes na área de cuidados
paliativos, foi possível compreender melhor a temática do sofrimento. Estes casos revelam que
o sofrimento é um construto multifacetado, frequentemente, agravado por diversos fatores. A
dor física, a perda de autonomia, o isolamento social e a angústia espiritual emergem como
elementos preponderantes de sofrimento. Contudo, intervenções como a comunicação
empática, o estabelecimento de uma relação terapêutica, a presença autêntica e a prática de
escuta ativa por parte do enfermeiro têm-se revelado essenciais na promoção do bem-estar e
na mitigação do sofrimento.
A finalidade deste relatório é apoiar a prática como enfermeira especialista, com base na
melhor evidência disponível, a fim de promover a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados
prestados, aliviar o sofrimento, preservar a dignidade e aprimorar a qualidade de vida dos
doentes em situação paliativa, bem como dos seus cuidadores e familiares. Através da
combinação de competências comuns e especificas, o enfermeiro especialista em cuidados
paliativos surge como uma figura central, sendo capaz de fazer a diferença na vida daqueles
que enfrentam os desafios das doenças crónicas e terminais.
This professional internship report is part of the 1st Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing, in the area of Nursing for the Palliative Person of the Nursing School of Porto. It aims to deepen the promotion of the relief of suffering in people with palliative needs and the acquisition of the intrinsic skills of the specialist nurse in medical-surgical care, as well as specific skills in palliative care. In a scenario where society is progressively aging and facing an increase in chronic and terminal illnesses, palliative care plays a crucial role. It focuses not only on treating the disease but also on improving the quality of life and preserving the dignity of the person. The purpose of this report is to describe the progress made during the probationary period. It was constructed using descriptive and critical analysis approaches, in order to describe the situations experienced and, at the same time, reflect on these experiences, all in parallel with the analysis of the available scientific evidence. After a detailed presentation of the activities carried out during clinical practice, which resulted in the improvement of general and specific competencies in medicalsurgical nursing aimed at people in palliative situations, we present the characterization of the clinical environments involved and the description of two case studies that established the internship of a professional nature. Through the analysis of clinical cases in different contexts in the area of palliative care, it was possible to better understand the theme of suffering. These cases reveal that suffering is a multifaceted concept and is often aggravated by several factors. Physical pain, loss of autonomy, social isolation and spiritual anguish emerge as preponderant elements of suffering. However, interventions such as empathetic communication, the establishment of a therapeutic relationship, authentic presence and the practice of active listening by nurses have been shown to be essential in promoting well-being and mitigating suffering. The purpose this report is to support practice as a specialist nurse, based on the best available evidence, in order to promote the improvement of the quality of care provided, alleviate suffering, preserve dignity and enhance the quality of life of palliative care patients, as well as their caregivers and families. Through the combination of common and specific skills, the palliative care specialist nurse emerges as a central figure, being able to make a difference in the lives of those who face the challenges of chronic and terminal illnesses.
This professional internship report is part of the 1st Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing, in the area of Nursing for the Palliative Person of the Nursing School of Porto. It aims to deepen the promotion of the relief of suffering in people with palliative needs and the acquisition of the intrinsic skills of the specialist nurse in medical-surgical care, as well as specific skills in palliative care. In a scenario where society is progressively aging and facing an increase in chronic and terminal illnesses, palliative care plays a crucial role. It focuses not only on treating the disease but also on improving the quality of life and preserving the dignity of the person. The purpose of this report is to describe the progress made during the probationary period. It was constructed using descriptive and critical analysis approaches, in order to describe the situations experienced and, at the same time, reflect on these experiences, all in parallel with the analysis of the available scientific evidence. After a detailed presentation of the activities carried out during clinical practice, which resulted in the improvement of general and specific competencies in medicalsurgical nursing aimed at people in palliative situations, we present the characterization of the clinical environments involved and the description of two case studies that established the internship of a professional nature. Through the analysis of clinical cases in different contexts in the area of palliative care, it was possible to better understand the theme of suffering. These cases reveal that suffering is a multifaceted concept and is often aggravated by several factors. Physical pain, loss of autonomy, social isolation and spiritual anguish emerge as preponderant elements of suffering. However, interventions such as empathetic communication, the establishment of a therapeutic relationship, authentic presence and the practice of active listening by nurses have been shown to be essential in promoting well-being and mitigating suffering. The purpose this report is to support practice as a specialist nurse, based on the best available evidence, in order to promote the improvement of the quality of care provided, alleviate suffering, preserve dignity and enhance the quality of life of palliative care patients, as well as their caregivers and families. Through the combination of common and specific skills, the palliative care specialist nurse emerges as a central figure, being able to make a difference in the lives of those who face the challenges of chronic and terminal illnesses.
Description
Keywords
Cuidados paliativos Enfermagem Sofrimento Doente terminal Relatório de estágio