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Gestão do paciente com doença de Behçet na consulta de medicina dentária
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Abstract(s)
A Doença de Behçet é uma patologia inflamatória, recorrente e multissistémica, caracterizada por uma vasculite de causa desconhecida. As suas manifestações são variadas e incluem úlceras orais e genitais, bem como lesões cutâneas e oculares. Tem maior prevalência em regiões como o Mediterrâneo, Médio Oriente e Extremo Oriente, afetando sobretudo adultos entre os 20 e os 40 anos. Em geral, os homens apresentam quadros clínicos mais severos. Embora a sua etiologia permaneça incerta, admite-se uma interação entre predisposição genética e fatores ambientais.
As úlceras orais recorrentes são frequentemente a primeira manifestação da doença e ocorrem, pelo menos, três vezes num período de um ano para serem consideradas características. Estas lesões são dolorosas, com base amarelada e necrosada, podendo surgir isoladas ou múltiplas em diferentes áreas da cavidade oral. Normalmente são pequenas e cicatrizam em uma a duas semanas, sem deixar marcas.
O médico dentista desempenha um papel fundamental, não só no reconhecimento precoce da doença, mas também na gestão das manifestações orais. A presença destas lesões pode comprometer a higiene oral e originar outras complicações, sendo por isso essencial o acompanhamento regular por um profissional de medicina dentária.
O tratamento das manifestações orais inclui o uso de colutórios, corticoides, antibióticos e imunossupressores, com o objetivo de aliviar a dor e controlar a inflamação.
Assim, é fundamental que os médicos dentistas estejam preparados para reconhecer os sinais clínicos da Doença de Behçet e aplicar abordagens terapêuticas adequadas.
Esta revisão tem como objetivo explorar o impacto da Doença de Behçet na cavidade oral e identificar estratégias eficazes de abordagem clínica no contexto da medicina dentária.
Behçet's Disease is a recurrent, inflammatory, and multisystemic condition characterized by vasculitis of unknown origin. Its clinical manifestations vary and may include oral and genital ulcers, as well as skin and ocular lesions. The disease has a higher prevalence in regions such as the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and the Far East, mainly affecting adults between the ages of 20 and 40. Generally, male patients present with more severe clinical forms. Although the exact cause remains unknown, it is believed that there is an interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Recurrent oral ulcers are often the first clinical sign of the disease and are considered characteristic when they appear at least three times over a one-year period. These lesions are painful, with a yellowish necrotic base, and may occur as single or multiple ulcers in different areas of the oral cavity. Typically, they are small and heal within one to two weeks without scarring. The dentist plays a crucial role, not only in the early recognition of the disease but also in the management of its oral manifestations. These lesions can compromise the patient’s oral hygiene and lead to further complications, making regular dental follow-up essential. Treatment of oral manifestations includes the use of mouthwashes, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and immunosuppressants, aiming to relieve pain and control inflammation. Therefore, it is vital for dental professionals to be prepared to identify the clinical signs of Behçet’s Disease and to apply appropriate therapeutic strategies. This review aims to explore the impact of Behçet’s Disease in the oral cavity and to identify effective clinical approaches for its management in dental practice.
Behçet's Disease is a recurrent, inflammatory, and multisystemic condition characterized by vasculitis of unknown origin. Its clinical manifestations vary and may include oral and genital ulcers, as well as skin and ocular lesions. The disease has a higher prevalence in regions such as the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and the Far East, mainly affecting adults between the ages of 20 and 40. Generally, male patients present with more severe clinical forms. Although the exact cause remains unknown, it is believed that there is an interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Recurrent oral ulcers are often the first clinical sign of the disease and are considered characteristic when they appear at least three times over a one-year period. These lesions are painful, with a yellowish necrotic base, and may occur as single or multiple ulcers in different areas of the oral cavity. Typically, they are small and heal within one to two weeks without scarring. The dentist plays a crucial role, not only in the early recognition of the disease but also in the management of its oral manifestations. These lesions can compromise the patient’s oral hygiene and lead to further complications, making regular dental follow-up essential. Treatment of oral manifestations includes the use of mouthwashes, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and immunosuppressants, aiming to relieve pain and control inflammation. Therefore, it is vital for dental professionals to be prepared to identify the clinical signs of Behçet’s Disease and to apply appropriate therapeutic strategies. This review aims to explore the impact of Behçet’s Disease in the oral cavity and to identify effective clinical approaches for its management in dental practice.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Doença de Behçet Manifestações orais Saúde oral Qualidade de vida