A carregar...
Publicação
Herança do trauma : uma revisão sistemática sobre experiências adversas na infância e a sua conexão com atos de agressão sexual na idade adulta
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 831.43 KB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As experiências adversas na infância (ACEs), incluindo abuso físico, emocional, negligência (física e emocional) e disfunção familiar, constituem todos fatores de risco significativos para o desenvolvimento de comportamentos antissociais na idade adulta. Em Portugal, os crimes sexuais tiveram um aumento significativo de 72% entre 2020 e 2024, aclamando a uma urgência para a compreensão de mecanismos etiológicos subjacentes à perpetração de violação. O presente estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática da literatura de modo a analisar a relação entre as experiências adversas na infância e a prática de crimes de violação na idade adulta, identificando os principais tipos de adversidade e os fatores mediadores associados. Para isso, esta foi conduzida segundo as diretrizes PRISMA, com pesquisa realizada entre maio e setembro de 2025 nas bases de dados B-On, PsycNet, PubMed, Sage. De um total inicial de 2516 artigos, foram selecionados 14 estudos que cumpriram todos os critérios de elegibilidade estabelecidos, abrangendo amostras de agressores sexuais adultos masculinos condenados por crimes de violação ou agressão sexual, com recurso a instrumentos validados para a avaliação de ACEs.
Os resultados da recolha demonstram que os agressores sexuais apresentaram médias de ACEs significativamente superiores (M = 4,85) comparativamente à população geral, com pelo menos 66% dos violadores a referirem ter sofrido quatro ou mais experiências adversas na infância. Os tipos de ACEs mais prevalentes incluem o abuso físico (30%), abuso sexual (17,5%), abuso psicológico (12,5%) e negligência emocional (12,5%). Além disso, Violadores evidenciam odds ratio até 13 vezes superior para abuso verbal e quatro vezes superior para negligência emocional, confirmando uma relação de dose-resposta entre o número acumulativo de ACEs e o risco de perpetração sexual. Identificou-se ainda mediadores psicossociais críticos, nomeadamente défices de empatia, distorções cognitivas, desregulação emocional, vergonha, masculinidade hostil e perturbações de personalidade antissocial presentes em violadores e outros agressores sexuais. Em conclusão, a evidência reforça a associação robusta entre as experiências adversas na infância e a perpetração de violação na idade adulta, sublinhando a necessidade de avaliação sistemática das ACEs em contextos forenses e clínicos. Os resultados apontam para um reforço de intervenções preventivas baseadas no trauma, direcionadas à interrupção do ciclo de vitimização-ofensa.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including physical and emotional abuse, neglect (physical and emotional), and family dysfunction, are all significant risk factors for the development of antisocial behavior in adulthood. In Portugal, sexual crimes increased significantly by 72% between 2020 and 2024, highlighting the urgent need to understand the etiological mechanisms underlying the perpetration of rape. The present study conducted a systematic review of the literature to analyze the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and the commission of rape crimes in adulthood, identifying the main types of adversity and associated mediating factors. To this end, it was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, with research carried out between May and September 2025 in the B-On, PsycNet, PubMed, and Sage databases. From an initial total of 2,516 articles, 14 studies were selected that met all the established eligibility criteria, covering samples of adult male sex offenders convicted of rape or sexual assault, using validated instruments for the assessment of ACEs. The results of the collection show that sex offenders had significantly higher mean ACEs (M = 4.85) compared to the general population, with at least 66% of rapists reporting having suffered four or more adverse experiences in childhood. The most prevalent types of ACEs include physical abuse (30%), sexual abuse (17.5%), psychological abuse (12.5%), and emotional neglect (12.5%). In addition, rapists show odds ratios up to 13 times higher for verbal abuse and four times higher for emotional neglect, confirming a dose-response relationship between the cumulative number of ACEs and the risk of sexual perpetration. Critical psychosocial mediators were also identified, namely empathy deficits, cognitive distortions, emotional dysregulation, shame, hostile masculinity, and antisocial personality disorders present in rapists and other sexual offenders. In conclusion, the evidence reinforces the robust association between adverse childhood experiences and the perpetration of rape in adulthood, underscoring the need for systematic assessment of ACEs in forensic and clinical settings. The results point to a strengthening of trauma-based preventive interventions aimed at breaking the cycle of victimization-offense.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including physical and emotional abuse, neglect (physical and emotional), and family dysfunction, are all significant risk factors for the development of antisocial behavior in adulthood. In Portugal, sexual crimes increased significantly by 72% between 2020 and 2024, highlighting the urgent need to understand the etiological mechanisms underlying the perpetration of rape. The present study conducted a systematic review of the literature to analyze the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and the commission of rape crimes in adulthood, identifying the main types of adversity and associated mediating factors. To this end, it was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, with research carried out between May and September 2025 in the B-On, PsycNet, PubMed, and Sage databases. From an initial total of 2,516 articles, 14 studies were selected that met all the established eligibility criteria, covering samples of adult male sex offenders convicted of rape or sexual assault, using validated instruments for the assessment of ACEs. The results of the collection show that sex offenders had significantly higher mean ACEs (M = 4.85) compared to the general population, with at least 66% of rapists reporting having suffered four or more adverse experiences in childhood. The most prevalent types of ACEs include physical abuse (30%), sexual abuse (17.5%), psychological abuse (12.5%), and emotional neglect (12.5%). In addition, rapists show odds ratios up to 13 times higher for verbal abuse and four times higher for emotional neglect, confirming a dose-response relationship between the cumulative number of ACEs and the risk of sexual perpetration. Critical psychosocial mediators were also identified, namely empathy deficits, cognitive distortions, emotional dysregulation, shame, hostile masculinity, and antisocial personality disorders present in rapists and other sexual offenders. In conclusion, the evidence reinforces the robust association between adverse childhood experiences and the perpetration of rape in adulthood, underscoring the need for systematic assessment of ACEs in forensic and clinical settings. The results point to a strengthening of trauma-based preventive interventions aimed at breaking the cycle of victimization-offense.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Violação Experiências adversas na infância Desvio sexual Ofensores sexuais Agressão sexual Traumas na infância