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Abstract(s)
Objectivo: O presente estudo tem como objectivo caracterizar os níveis de actividade física (AF) da população idosa com 75 ou mais anos. E analisar a sua relação com os níveis de funcionalidade.
Introdução: Na sexta e sétima década de vida, e como resultado do processo natural do envelhecimento, dá-se um declínio físico e funcional progressivo. A AF é indispensável para todos, mas os idosos são dos que mais beneficiam. Os benefícios nesta idade foram amplamente estudados e englobam a manutenção da função e independência, prolongando o tempo de vida, diminuindo o risco de doenças crónicas e o tempo de incapacidade. Apesar da AF ter uma importante contribuição na melhoria da funcionalidade durante o envelhecimento, não é clara esta relação. A recomendação para manter o estado de saúde nesta idade é de 30 minutos de actividade moderada, 5 vezes por semana (150 minutos por semana) de AF. Contudo não sabemos se os idosos cumprem ou não estas recomendações, nem se os benefícios em termos de manutenção da funcionalidade são os desejáveis.
Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico do tipo transversal, composto por um único momento de avaliação. Foram avaliados 70 sujeitos, com uma mediana de idade de 77,5 anos (percentil 25: 76,0; percentil 75: 79,0). Os outcomes em estudo foram a AF (YPAS) e a funcionalidade (Lawton & Brody e Katz). O processo de amostragem foi não probabilístico por conveniência. Foi aplicado um protocolo de avaliação, constituído por um questionário de caracterização da amostra; Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS), a Escala de Lawton & Brody e o Índice de Katz.
Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que a mediana do nível de AF evidenciada nesta população é baixa quando comparada com o sugeridos pelo YPAS, com uma mediana de tempo total de 24,3 (horas/semana), com uma mediana de gasto energético total de 4946,3 (kcal/semana) e ainda com uma mediana de score total no YPAS de 40 pontos, sendo este último bastante baixo pois o score total varia entre 0 e 137 pontos. Em relação ao nível de funcionalidade constatamos que a maioria dos participantes obteve 8 pontos na Escala de Lawton & Brody (30%) e que se situavam na categoria A do Índice de Katz (75,5%). Verificou-se uma associação moderada e estatisticamente significativa entre os scores do tempo total do YPAS e a funcionalidade (Lawton & Brody: Rs= 0,586 p<0,001; Katz: Rs= -0,525 p<0,001); entre o gasto energético total e a funcionalidade (Lawton & Brody: Rs= 0,604 p<0,001; Katz: Rs= -0,554 p<0,001); e também entre o score total do YPAS e a funcionalidade (Lawton & Brody: Rs= 0,558 p<0,001; Katz: Rs= -0,549 p<0,001).
Conclusão: Os resultados do estudo sugerem que a população estudada apresenta níveis de AF baixos (mediana tempo total: 24,3 h/sem; mediana gasto energético total: 4946,3 Kcal/sem), comparando com os valores de referência do YPAS e em comparação com o estudo de Martin et al., 2011. Aponta para a existência de uma associação positiva e significativa entre o nível de AF e a funcionalidade, ou seja, na nossa amostra com indivíduos com mais de 75 anos, um maior nível de AF estava associado a mais funcionalidade (a relação era crescente em todos os scores, excepto no score de sentado do YPAS).
Abstract: Background: In the sixth and seventh decade of life, and as result of the natural process of aging, occurs a progressive physical and functional decline. PA is essential for everyone, but older people are those who benefit most. The benefits were widely study and include the maintenance of function and independence, prolonging life, decreasing the risk of chronic disease and disability time. Despite PA significant contribution in functionality in aging, its relation isn‟t clear. Recommendations the keep good health in this age have arise supporting that older adults should perform 30 minutes of moderate intensity PA, 5 times a week (150 minutes per week). However we still don‟t know if older adults meet this recommendations or not, or if the benefits in terms of maintaining functionality are the desirable. Methods: This was an observational, analytic kind of study, composite by a single moment of evaluation. Were assessed 70 subject s, with an median age of 77,5 years (percentile 25: 76,0; percentile 75: 79,0). Our study outcomes were PA (YPAS) and functionality (Lawton & Brody e Katz). The sampling procedure was non accidental probabilistic convenience. We applied an assessment protocol, including a sample descriptive questionnaire; Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS); Lawton & Brody Scale and the Katz Index. Results: The results revealed that the median of PA level in this population was low when compared with the suggested by YPAS, with a median of total time of 24,3 (hours/week), with a median of total energy expenditure of 4946,3 (kcal/week) and a mean of total score in YPAS of 40 points, and this last one is pretty low because this score fluctuate between 0 and 137 points. In the level of functionality we found that most of the participants get 8 points in Lawton & Brody Scale (30%) and that most of them were located in A category of the Katz Index (75,5%). It has been found a moderate and statistically significant association between the scores of total time in YPAS and the functional level (Lawton & Brody: Rs= 0,586 p<0,001; Katz: Rs= -0,525 p<0,001); between the total energy expenditure and the functionality (Lawton & Brody: Rs= 0,604 p<0,001; Katz: Rs= -0,554 p<0,001); and also between the total score of YPAS and the functional level (Lawton & Brody: Rs= 0,558 p<0,001; Katz: Rs= -0,549 p<0,001). Conclusion: These results suggest that the population selected has low PA levels (median total time: 24,3 h/week; median total energy expenditure: 4946,3 Kcal/week), compared with reference values of YPAS and the results from a similar study from Martin et al., 2011. This study points to the existence of a positive and significant association between PA level and functionality, ie, in our sample of individuals with more than 75 years, a higher level of AF was associated with more functionality (the ratio was increasing in all scores, except for the sitting score of YPAS).
Abstract: Background: In the sixth and seventh decade of life, and as result of the natural process of aging, occurs a progressive physical and functional decline. PA is essential for everyone, but older people are those who benefit most. The benefits were widely study and include the maintenance of function and independence, prolonging life, decreasing the risk of chronic disease and disability time. Despite PA significant contribution in functionality in aging, its relation isn‟t clear. Recommendations the keep good health in this age have arise supporting that older adults should perform 30 minutes of moderate intensity PA, 5 times a week (150 minutes per week). However we still don‟t know if older adults meet this recommendations or not, or if the benefits in terms of maintaining functionality are the desirable. Methods: This was an observational, analytic kind of study, composite by a single moment of evaluation. Were assessed 70 subject s, with an median age of 77,5 years (percentile 25: 76,0; percentile 75: 79,0). Our study outcomes were PA (YPAS) and functionality (Lawton & Brody e Katz). The sampling procedure was non accidental probabilistic convenience. We applied an assessment protocol, including a sample descriptive questionnaire; Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS); Lawton & Brody Scale and the Katz Index. Results: The results revealed that the median of PA level in this population was low when compared with the suggested by YPAS, with a median of total time of 24,3 (hours/week), with a median of total energy expenditure of 4946,3 (kcal/week) and a mean of total score in YPAS of 40 points, and this last one is pretty low because this score fluctuate between 0 and 137 points. In the level of functionality we found that most of the participants get 8 points in Lawton & Brody Scale (30%) and that most of them were located in A category of the Katz Index (75,5%). It has been found a moderate and statistically significant association between the scores of total time in YPAS and the functional level (Lawton & Brody: Rs= 0,586 p<0,001; Katz: Rs= -0,525 p<0,001); between the total energy expenditure and the functionality (Lawton & Brody: Rs= 0,604 p<0,001; Katz: Rs= -0,554 p<0,001); and also between the total score of YPAS and the functional level (Lawton & Brody: Rs= 0,558 p<0,001; Katz: Rs= -0,549 p<0,001). Conclusion: These results suggest that the population selected has low PA levels (median total time: 24,3 h/week; median total energy expenditure: 4946,3 Kcal/week), compared with reference values of YPAS and the results from a similar study from Martin et al., 2011. This study points to the existence of a positive and significant association between PA level and functionality, ie, in our sample of individuals with more than 75 years, a higher level of AF was associated with more functionality (the ratio was increasing in all scores, except for the sitting score of YPAS).
Description
Relatório do Projecto de Investigação apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos
necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Fisioterapia, área de especialização em
Fisioterapia em Condições Músculo-Esqueléticas
Keywords
Actividade Física Funcionalidade Idosos YPAS Physical Activity Functionality Elderly YPAS
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Saúde.