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Associação da má-oclusão com o padrão alimentar infantil em crianças com dentição mista : um estudo observacional
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Abstract(s)
Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência de má-oclusão em crianças com dentição mista e a sua associação com hábitos nutricionais e não-nutricionais durante os primeiros dois anos de vida.
Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo observacional transversal foi aprovado pela comissão de Egas Moniz (processo número: PT-277/24) e foi realizado em crianças que frequentaram a Clínica Dentária Egas Moniz (Almada, Portugal) entre janeiro e maio de 2025. Previamente à inclusão da criança, os pais/responsáveis legais aceitaram a participação através da assinatura do consentimento informado e responderam ao questionário de auto-relatado sobre hábitos sociodemográficos, nutricionais e não-nutricionais da criança durante os primeiros dois anos de vida, bem como hábitos de higiene oral atuais. Clinicamente, a oclusão foi avaliada com base na classificação de Angle, overjet, overbite, mordida cruzada, mordida aberta, mordida em tesoura, apinhamento dentário e diastemas, em todos nos planos de referência sagital, vertical e transversal. Os dados foram analisados na plataforma de software R e a significância estatística foi definida a p< 0.05.
Resultados: No total incluímos 111 participantes, a maioria do sexo feminino (50.5%), caucasianos (66.7%) e de nacionalidade portuguesa (80.2%). A maioria dos participantes foi amamentada (82.9%) e 58.6% usaram chupeta, com 40% usando-a até aos 2 anos. Uma parte das crianças desenvolveu o hábito de sucção digital (15.3%) e 5.4% mantiveram o hábito pelo menos até ao momento da observação. A prevalência de má oclusão foi de 72.1%, sendo a má oclusão de classe II a mais comum entre os participantes (33.3%).
Conclusões: Este estudo apresentou uma alta prevalência de má-oclusão (72.1%), estando dentro dos valores relatados por outros estudos em faixas etárias e estadios de dentição semelhantes. O principal resultado deste estudo aponta para um potencial fator de proteção da amamentação quando não associado a hábitos de sucção não-nutritivo.
Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in children with mixed dentition and its association with nutritional and non-nutritional habits during the first two years of life. Materials and Methods: This project was evaluated in an Egas Moniz Ethic Committee (process number: PT-277/24). This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on children attending the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (Almada, Portugal) between January and May 2025. Prior to child inclusion, the parents/legal guardians signed the consent form and answered a self-reported questionnaire regarding the child on sociodemographic, nutritional, and non-nutritional habits during the child's first two years of life and oral hygiene habits. Clinically, occlusion was diagnosed based on Angle9s classification, overjet, overbite, crossbite, open bite, scissor bite, dental crowding and diastemas all on the sagittal, vertical and transverse planes of reference. Results: Overall, we included 111 participants, the majority were female (50.5%), Caucasian (66.7%) and with Portuguese nationality (80.2%). Out of all participants 82.9% were breastfed, and 58.6% used a pacifier, with 40% using it until 2 years of age. Some of the children used to have the habit of thumb sucking (15.3%) and 5.4% maintained the habit until at least the time of observation. The prevalence of malocclusion was 72.1% with class II malocclusion being the most common among the participants of the study (33.3 %). Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of malocclusion (72.1%), which is within the values reported by other studies in similar age groups and dentition stages. The main result of this study points to a potential protective factor of breastfeeding when not associated with non-nutritive sucking habits.
Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in children with mixed dentition and its association with nutritional and non-nutritional habits during the first two years of life. Materials and Methods: This project was evaluated in an Egas Moniz Ethic Committee (process number: PT-277/24). This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on children attending the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (Almada, Portugal) between January and May 2025. Prior to child inclusion, the parents/legal guardians signed the consent form and answered a self-reported questionnaire regarding the child on sociodemographic, nutritional, and non-nutritional habits during the child's first two years of life and oral hygiene habits. Clinically, occlusion was diagnosed based on Angle9s classification, overjet, overbite, crossbite, open bite, scissor bite, dental crowding and diastemas all on the sagittal, vertical and transverse planes of reference. Results: Overall, we included 111 participants, the majority were female (50.5%), Caucasian (66.7%) and with Portuguese nationality (80.2%). Out of all participants 82.9% were breastfed, and 58.6% used a pacifier, with 40% using it until 2 years of age. Some of the children used to have the habit of thumb sucking (15.3%) and 5.4% maintained the habit until at least the time of observation. The prevalence of malocclusion was 72.1% with class II malocclusion being the most common among the participants of the study (33.3 %). Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of malocclusion (72.1%), which is within the values reported by other studies in similar age groups and dentition stages. The main result of this study points to a potential protective factor of breastfeeding when not associated with non-nutritive sucking habits.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Má-oclusão Dentição mista Amamentação Hábitos não nutricionais