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Publication
A preservação dos direitos fundamentais no âmbito dos afastamentos coercivos
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As migrações são fruto do esbatimento das fronteiras a nível global pelo
que nos últimos anos os seus fluxos têm sofrido alterações. Estas alterações
devem-se ao facto de cada indivíduo procurar melhores condições para si próprio
e/ou para a sua família sejam a nível laboral ou social.
Assim, estes imigrantes, muitas vezes desesperados, podem ser vítimas
de inúmeros crimes, nomeadamente, tráfico de pessoas e falsificação de
documentos. Ora, a falsificação de documentos tem como objetivo a tentativa de
entrada no país de destino pelo que, frequentemente, são apanhados pelas
autoridades responsáveis nos aeroportos. Mesmo aqueles que conseguem
entrar mais tarde, ilegalmente, são frequentemente apanhados. Após as
autoridades responsáveis tomarem as suas medidas é comunicado ao indivíduo
que terá de regressar ao seu país de origem ou de trânsito se for o caso.
Neste sentido, a presente dissertação propõe-se analisar os afastamentos
coercivos tanto a nível local como global.
Em primeiro lugar, é feito um enquadramento teórico da temática
versando os efeitos da globalização nas fronteiras explorando, posteriormente,
o fenómeno migratório e os direitos relativos aos estrangeiros. De seguida, é
abordado o afastamento coercivo em si. Isto é, explora-se o conceito do mesmo,
os direitos fundamentais aplicáveis a este processo sem deixar de parte a
legislação no que concerne ao enquadramento legal e respetivo regime aplicável
a nível nacional e internacional. Ainda neste âmbito, são analisados acórdãos
relevantes para o tema.
Em segundo lugar, é tratado o regime português de monitorização do
processo dos afastamentos coercivos destacando-se dois organismos: o MNP e
a IGAI. Seguidamente, realiza-se uma avaliação da conjuntura atual apontando
as principais limitações e uma possível prospeção.
Em terceiro lugar, aborda-se o regime britânico de monitorização no que
concerne aos afastamentos coercivos fazendo uma distinção entre deportação
e afastamento, analisando o enquadramento legal britânico e destaca-se o papel
do ICIBI. Por último, é realizada uma comparação entre estes dois regimes.
Em quarto e último lugar, são apresentadas algumas propostas ao regime
português.
´VII
Para a realização da investigação recorreu-se, maioritariamente, ao uso
de métodos qualitativos em detrimento dos métodos quantitativos. Em adição,
foi dado enfoque às fontes primárias tendo em conta a temática.
Para concluir, o regime português dos afastamentos coercivos apresenta se como superior, a nível dos direitos fundamentais, em relação ao regime
britânico, contudo não é perfeito e existe um longo caminho a ser percorrido.
Migration is the result of the blurring of borders at a global level, and in recent years its flows have undergone changes. These changes are due to the fact that each individual is looking for better conditions for themselves and/or their family, whether in labour or social terms. As a result, these immigrants, who are often desperate, can fall victim to countless crimes, including human trafficking and document forgery. The purpose of falsifying documents is to try to enter the country of destination, which is why they are often caught by the authorities at airports. Even those who manage to enter, illegally, are often caught after airport control. Once the responsible authorities have taken their measures, the individual is told that they will have to return to their country of origin or transit, if applicable. This dissertation therefore sets out to analyze forced removals at both local and global level. Firstly, a theoretical framework of the subject is presented, addressing the effects of globalization on borders, and then exploring the phenomenon of migration and the rights of foreigners. Next, we look at coercive removal itself. In other words, the concept is explored, as well as the fundamental rights applicable to this process, without leaving aside the legislation regarding the legal framework and the respective regime applicable at national and international level. Also in this context, judgements relevant to the subject are analyzed. Secondly, the Portuguese system for monitoring the process of enforced removals is analyzed, highlighting two bodies: the MNP and the IGAI. This is followed by an assessment of the current situation, pointing out the main limitations and possible prospects. Thirdly, the British monitoring system for forced removals is discussed, distinguishing between deportation and removal, analyzing the British legal framework and highlighting the role of the ICIBI. Finally, a comparison is made between these two regimes. Fourthly and finally, some proposals for the Portuguese regime are presented. ´IX Most of the research was carried out using qualitative methods rather than quantitative methods. In addition, primary sources were emphasized in view of the subject matter. In conclusion, the Portuguese regime of forced removals is superior in terms of fundamental rights to the British regime, but it is not perfect and there is a long way to go.
Migration is the result of the blurring of borders at a global level, and in recent years its flows have undergone changes. These changes are due to the fact that each individual is looking for better conditions for themselves and/or their family, whether in labour or social terms. As a result, these immigrants, who are often desperate, can fall victim to countless crimes, including human trafficking and document forgery. The purpose of falsifying documents is to try to enter the country of destination, which is why they are often caught by the authorities at airports. Even those who manage to enter, illegally, are often caught after airport control. Once the responsible authorities have taken their measures, the individual is told that they will have to return to their country of origin or transit, if applicable. This dissertation therefore sets out to analyze forced removals at both local and global level. Firstly, a theoretical framework of the subject is presented, addressing the effects of globalization on borders, and then exploring the phenomenon of migration and the rights of foreigners. Next, we look at coercive removal itself. In other words, the concept is explored, as well as the fundamental rights applicable to this process, without leaving aside the legislation regarding the legal framework and the respective regime applicable at national and international level. Also in this context, judgements relevant to the subject are analyzed. Secondly, the Portuguese system for monitoring the process of enforced removals is analyzed, highlighting two bodies: the MNP and the IGAI. This is followed by an assessment of the current situation, pointing out the main limitations and possible prospects. Thirdly, the British monitoring system for forced removals is discussed, distinguishing between deportation and removal, analyzing the British legal framework and highlighting the role of the ICIBI. Finally, a comparison is made between these two regimes. Fourthly and finally, some proposals for the Portuguese regime are presented. ´IX Most of the research was carried out using qualitative methods rather than quantitative methods. In addition, primary sources were emphasized in view of the subject matter. In conclusion, the Portuguese regime of forced removals is superior in terms of fundamental rights to the British regime, but it is not perfect and there is a long way to go.
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Keywords
imigração afastamentos coercivos direitos fundamentais nacional de país terceiro Portugal Reino Unido immigration forced removal fundamental rights third country national United Kingdom