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Tratamento da mucosite oral em pacientes submetidos a quimioradioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço
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Abstract(s)
A mucosite oral é uma inflamação da mucosa oral com múltiplas etiologias, tais como;
alterações do sistema imunológico, transplante de medula óssea, quimioterapia, radioterapia na região da cabeça e do pescoço e outros, sendo a quimioterapia e a radioterapia as mais frequentes [1,2,4].
A quimioterapia e radioterapia na cabeça e no pescoço geram efeitos colaterais na mucosa de mais de 75% dos pacientes submetidos previamente ao tratamento para cancro [1]. A mucosite oral é a principal manifestação da utilização de medicamentos para o tratamento de cancro podendo causar dor, má nutrição, interrupções do tratamento e reduções significativas na qualidade de vida do individuo [2, 4]. Esta co-morbilidade pode ser tratada com diversos esquemas terapêuticos, não havendo consenso a respeito do protocolo terapêutico padrão para prevenção ou tratamento da doença [2].
O desenvolvimento de um protocolo padrão, reduziria o sofrimento dos pacientes, reduziria os custos com tratamentos ineficientes e tornaria possível o desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas eficazes. O objetivo deste trabalho é, tentar estabelecer um protocolo terapêutico a aplicar em casos de mucosite oral quimio e/ou radio induzida. Resultados: 93 artigos foram incluídos na pesquisa para serem lidos e avaliados. Na literatura, foram encontrados resultados divergentes em relação ao método mais eficiente para o tratamento da mucosite oral. Embora existam diversos protocolos e uma gama ampla de tratamentos que apresentam resultados favoráveis para o tratamento da doença, não existe consenso relativamente à escolha do tratamento ideal. Conclusão: Existe a necessidade de realização de mais estudos na área, pois não é possível estabelecer um protocolo de atendimento com eficácia comprovada em todos os
graus da mucosite oral.
Oral mucositis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa with multiple etiologies, such as; changes in the immune system, bone marrow transplantation, chemotherapy, antineoplastic medication, radiotherapy of the head and neck and others, with chemotherapy and radiotherapy being the most frequent [1,2,4]. Head and neck chemotherapy and radiotherapy generates side effects on the mucosa of more than 75% of patients previously treated for cancer [1], with oral mucositis being the main manifestation of the use of drugs, causing pain, low nutritional levels, interruptions in treatment and significant reductions in the individual's quality of life [2,4]. Comorbidity can be treated with different therapeutic regimens, but there is no standard therapy for its prevention or treatment [2]. The development of a standardized protocol would reduce the suffering of patients, lower the costs of inefficient treatments and make it possible to develop effective preventive measures. The aim of the present work is the attempt to establish a therapeutic protocol to be applied in cases of chemo and / or radio induced oral mucositis. Results: 98 articles were included in the research to be read and evaluated. Results have been found that differ in the literature in relation to the most efficient method for the treatment of oral mucositis. There are several protocols, a wide range of treatments that present favorable results for the treatment of the disease, but there is no consensus in choosing the ideal treatment. Conclusion: There is a need for further studies in the area, as it is not possible to establish a service protocol with proven efficacy in all degrees of oral mucositis.
Oral mucositis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa with multiple etiologies, such as; changes in the immune system, bone marrow transplantation, chemotherapy, antineoplastic medication, radiotherapy of the head and neck and others, with chemotherapy and radiotherapy being the most frequent [1,2,4]. Head and neck chemotherapy and radiotherapy generates side effects on the mucosa of more than 75% of patients previously treated for cancer [1], with oral mucositis being the main manifestation of the use of drugs, causing pain, low nutritional levels, interruptions in treatment and significant reductions in the individual's quality of life [2,4]. Comorbidity can be treated with different therapeutic regimens, but there is no standard therapy for its prevention or treatment [2]. The development of a standardized protocol would reduce the suffering of patients, lower the costs of inefficient treatments and make it possible to develop effective preventive measures. The aim of the present work is the attempt to establish a therapeutic protocol to be applied in cases of chemo and / or radio induced oral mucositis. Results: 98 articles were included in the research to be read and evaluated. Results have been found that differ in the literature in relation to the most efficient method for the treatment of oral mucositis. There are several protocols, a wide range of treatments that present favorable results for the treatment of the disease, but there is no consensus in choosing the ideal treatment. Conclusion: There is a need for further studies in the area, as it is not possible to establish a service protocol with proven efficacy in all degrees of oral mucositis.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Mucosite oral Tratamento mucosite oral Laserterapia e mucosite Prevenção mucosite