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Impacto da esquadra na criminalidade: a problemática da localização
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Abstract(s)
A capacidade dissuasora da Polícia é frequentemente estudada por vários autores que
referem a presença policial como capaz de dissuadir possíveis infratores e diminuir a
criminalidade. No entanto, apesar do debate relativo ao tendencial encerramento das
instalações físicas de várias forças policiais, nas quais se encontra a Polícia de Segurança
Pública, são escassas as evidências relativas ao impacto destes estabelecimentos na
criminalidade e capacidade dissuasora. De forma a verificar a sua importância, foram
estudadas diversas variáveis com influência na capacidade de dissuasão e implicações no
índice criminal, nomeadamente o tempo de resposta policial, as detenções, o efetivo policial,
os recursos logísticos e informacionais e o tipo de policiamento adotado. Para tal, procedeu se a um estudo de caso que analisou duas freguesias semelhantes entre si no concelho de
Lisboa, cuja diferença se centra na presença, ou não, de uma Esquadra dentro da sua área: a
freguesia de Avenidas Novas (com Esquadra) e a freguesia do Areeiro (sem Esquadra). Após
a análise das variáveis, através de entrevistas e recolha de dados oficiais, e sem descurar
possíveis influências devido a fatores sociais e situacionais característicos de cada freguesia,
verificamos que a freguesia de Avenidas Novas apresenta um maior índice de criminalidade,
apesar de possuir mais efetivo policial, o mesmo número de detenções, mais recursos e
estratégias de policiamento aparentemente semelhantes quando comparada com a freguesia
do Areeiro. Assim, concluímos que a localização da Esquadra pode estar parcialmente
relacionada com as diferenças significativas na criminalidade entre ambas as freguesias.
The deterrent capacity of the Police is often studied by several authors who refer to the Police presence as capable of deterring possible offenders and reducing crime. However, despite the debate regarding the tendency to close the physical facilities of several police forces, including the Polícia de Segurança Pública is located, there is little evidence regarding the impact of these stations on crime and deterrence. In order to verify its importance, several variables that influence the deterrent capacity and have implications for the criminal rate were studied, including police response time, arrests, police force, logistical and informational resources and the type of policing adopted. To this end, a case study was carried out that analyzed two parishes similar to each other in the municipality of Lisbon, whose difference is centered on the presence, or not, of a Police Station within its area: the parish of Avenidas Novas (with Police Station) and the parish of Areeiro (without Police Station). After analyzing the variables, through interviews and official data analysis, and without neglecting possible influences due to social and situational factors characteristic of each parish, we found that the parish of Avenidas Novas has a higher crime rate, despite having more effective police, the same number of arrests, more resources and apparently similar policing strategies when compared to the parish of Areeiro. Thus, we conclude that the location of the Police Station may be partially related to the significant differences in crime between both parishes.
The deterrent capacity of the Police is often studied by several authors who refer to the Police presence as capable of deterring possible offenders and reducing crime. However, despite the debate regarding the tendency to close the physical facilities of several police forces, including the Polícia de Segurança Pública is located, there is little evidence regarding the impact of these stations on crime and deterrence. In order to verify its importance, several variables that influence the deterrent capacity and have implications for the criminal rate were studied, including police response time, arrests, police force, logistical and informational resources and the type of policing adopted. To this end, a case study was carried out that analyzed two parishes similar to each other in the municipality of Lisbon, whose difference is centered on the presence, or not, of a Police Station within its area: the parish of Avenidas Novas (with Police Station) and the parish of Areeiro (without Police Station). After analyzing the variables, through interviews and official data analysis, and without neglecting possible influences due to social and situational factors characteristic of each parish, we found that the parish of Avenidas Novas has a higher crime rate, despite having more effective police, the same number of arrests, more resources and apparently similar policing strategies when compared to the parish of Areeiro. Thus, we conclude that the location of the Police Station may be partially related to the significant differences in crime between both parishes.
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Keywords
Criminalidade Dissuasão policial Localização da esquadra Polícia de Segurança Pública Crime Police deterrence Police station location Polícia de Segurança Pública