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Famílias em transição acidental com membro portador de hipertensão arterial: Desenvolvimento de competências clínicas especializadas em Enfermagem Comunitária na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar
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O presente relatório descreve as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito das Unidades Curriculares de Estágio de Natureza Profissional com Relatório – Módulo I e Módulo II, inseridas no Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar, da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. Os objetivos deste estágio foram desenvolver as competências definidas para o Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária, na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar, nomeadamente, o cuidar da família como um todo e cada um dos seus membros, ao longo do ciclo vital e nos vários tipos de prevenção; e liderar e colaborar em processos de intervenção no âmbito da Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar.
A família, enquanto unidade sistémica em transformação, carateriza-se pela presença de relações dinâmicas e complexas, ao longo do ciclo vital. De destacar, a sua capacidade de auto-organização face a transições normativas e acidentais.
A prestação de cuidados às 4 famílias em transição acidental do tipo saúde/doença, constituídas por membros portadores de Hipertensão Arterial, foi orientada pelo Modelo Dinâmico de Avaliação e Intervenção Familiar e pelo Modelo de Resiliência, Stress, Ajustamento e Adaptação Familiar, e a Teoria das Transições, na avaliação de cada membro individualmente. Na intervenção familiar, destacaram-se as técnicas transversais e específicas de intervenção familiar sistémica, enquanto atividades que concretizaram as intervenções. As técnicas transversais utilizadas foram as questões lineares, reflexivas, circulares, hipotéticas e de escala, e as técnicas específicas de intervenção familiar sistémica foram o reenquadramento, a conotação positiva, a metáfora e oritual terapêutico. Como técnica de intervenção individual destacou-se aentrevista motivacional. A satisfação conjugal foi a área de atenção com maiornecessidade de intervenção, sendo que, com as intervenções implementadas,houve uma modificação positiva no estado do diagnóstico em todas as famílias.Relativamente à avaliação e intervenção individual, os domínios autogestão doregime medicamentoso, padrão alimentar e padrão de exercício, foram os quenecessitaram de intervenção, com modificação do status do diagnóstico emtodos os indivíduos. No decorrer do estágio, foi também identificada anecessidade de formação da equipa de enfermagem, acerca da documentaçãoem Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar, contribuindo para o aumento deconhecimento e mudança de comportamento, na prática da documentação doscuidados prestados.
As atividades desenvolvidas contribuíram para o desenvolvimento dascompetências do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária, naárea de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar, com um contributo relevante para asfamílias alvo de cuidados.
The present report describes the activities carried out within the scope of the Curricular Units of Professional Internship with Report – Module I and Module II, included in the Master's Degree in Community Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. The objectives of this internship were to develop the competencies defined for the Specialist Nurse in Community Nursing, specifically in the area of Family Health Nursing. These include caring for the family as a whole and for each of its members throughout the life cycle and across different levels of prevention, as well as demonstrating leadership and collaboration in intervention processes within Family Health Nursing. The family, as a systemic unit in transformation, is characterized by the presence of dynamic and complex relationships throughout the life cycle. Notably, families exhibit self-organization when facing both normative and accidental transitions. The provision of care to the 4 families experiencing an accidental health/illness transition, composed of members with Hypertension, was guided by the Dynamic Model of Family Assessment and Intervention and the Family Resilience, Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation Model in the evaluation of the family as a whole, as well as by the Theory of Transitions in the individual assessment of each member. In family intervention, both transversal and specific techniques of systemic family intervention were highlighted as key activities in implementing interventions. The transversal techniques used included linear, reflective, circular, hypothetical, and scaling questions, while the specific systemic family intervention techniques comprised reframing, positive connotation, metaphor, and therapeutic ritual. The motivational interview stood out as an individual intervention technique. Marital satisfaction emerged as the area requiring the most attention, and with the interventions implemented, there was a positive change in the diagnostic status of all families. Regarding individual assessment and intervention, the domains requiring intervention included medication regimen self-management, dietary pattern, and exercise pattern, all of which showed an improvement in diagnostic status in every individual. During the internship, the need for training among the nursing team regarding documentation in Family Health Nursing was also identified. This contributed to an increase in knowledge and behavioural change in the practice of documenting the care provided. The activities carried out contributed to the development of the competencies of the Specialist Nurse in Community Nursing, particularly in the area of Family Health Nursing, providing a significant contribution to the families receiving care.
The present report describes the activities carried out within the scope of the Curricular Units of Professional Internship with Report – Module I and Module II, included in the Master's Degree in Community Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. The objectives of this internship were to develop the competencies defined for the Specialist Nurse in Community Nursing, specifically in the area of Family Health Nursing. These include caring for the family as a whole and for each of its members throughout the life cycle and across different levels of prevention, as well as demonstrating leadership and collaboration in intervention processes within Family Health Nursing. The family, as a systemic unit in transformation, is characterized by the presence of dynamic and complex relationships throughout the life cycle. Notably, families exhibit self-organization when facing both normative and accidental transitions. The provision of care to the 4 families experiencing an accidental health/illness transition, composed of members with Hypertension, was guided by the Dynamic Model of Family Assessment and Intervention and the Family Resilience, Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation Model in the evaluation of the family as a whole, as well as by the Theory of Transitions in the individual assessment of each member. In family intervention, both transversal and specific techniques of systemic family intervention were highlighted as key activities in implementing interventions. The transversal techniques used included linear, reflective, circular, hypothetical, and scaling questions, while the specific systemic family intervention techniques comprised reframing, positive connotation, metaphor, and therapeutic ritual. The motivational interview stood out as an individual intervention technique. Marital satisfaction emerged as the area requiring the most attention, and with the interventions implemented, there was a positive change in the diagnostic status of all families. Regarding individual assessment and intervention, the domains requiring intervention included medication regimen self-management, dietary pattern, and exercise pattern, all of which showed an improvement in diagnostic status in every individual. During the internship, the need for training among the nursing team regarding documentation in Family Health Nursing was also identified. This contributed to an increase in knowledge and behavioural change in the practice of documenting the care provided. The activities carried out contributed to the development of the competencies of the Specialist Nurse in Community Nursing, particularly in the area of Family Health Nursing, providing a significant contribution to the families receiving care.
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Família Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar Hipertensão Arterial