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Libertação de microplásticos por alinhadores ortodônticos transparentes
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Abstract(s)
Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a potencial libertação de partículas plásticas por alinhadores ortodônticos transparentes expostos a fricção mecânica e a diferentes meios, simulando distintos ambientes da cavidade oral.
Materiais e métodos: O estudo foi realizado em alinhadores de três marcas diferentes, divididos por grupos: G1, G2 e G3. Cada par de alinhadores ortodônticos transparentes foi submetido a um tratamento de sete dias que consistiu em ciclos de 5 h/dia com agitação de 60 rpm na presença do meio de estudo (Coca-Cola® e Água de Pedras Salgadas®), a 37ºC, seguidos de repouso (sem agitação) em saliva artificial, a 37ºC. Como controlo usou-se saliva artificial em substituição das bebidas, durante os ciclos de agitação, a qual já tinha mostrado originar partículas plásticas num estudo recente, realizado por outros autores. Após o tratamento, as soluções foram filtradas e as partículas retidas na membrana detetadas à lupa foram analisadas por FTIR. Partículas com espetros semelhantes ao alinhador ortodôntico transparente original foram identificados como microplásticos, partículas com espetros distintos como impurezas.
Resultados: Os espetros FTIR dos alinhadores ortodônticos transparentes confirmaram a sua constituição plástica distinta: G1 contem tereftalato de polietileno na sua constituição e G2 contem poliuretano. Embora não havendo informação disponível da composição de G3, a semelhança do seu espetro FTIR com o do grupo G1, com 93% de correlação, permitiu concluir ser constituído pelo mesmo termoplástico. Observou-se libertação de partículas plásticas pelos alinhadores dos grupos G1 e G2 e os resultados obtidos sugerem que a Coca-Cola® seja um agente promotor da libertação de microplásticos destes dispositivos, uma vez que originaram sempre mais partículas do que o controlo, nos diferentes ensaios realizados. No grupo G3 não foram detetadas partículas compatíveis com fragmentos de alinhador. Os resultados dos ensaios com Água de Pedras Salgadas® foram inconclusivos.
Conclusão: Os alinhadores ortodônticos transparentes libertam micro e/ou nanoplásticos e algumas bebidas como a Coca-Cola®, provavelmente pela acidez, podem favorecer a libertação de partículas. Esta observação é preocupante, na medida em que, embora seja desaconselhada a ingestão inclusive de líquidos durante a sua utilização, estudos mostram o incumprimento de alguns pacientes aumentado o risco a possíveis complicações.
Objective: This work aimed to study the potential release of plastic particles by invisible orthodontic aligners exposed to mechanical friction and different mediums, simulating different environments in the oral cavity. Materials and methods: The study was carried out using aligners from three different brands, divided into groups: G1, G2 and G3. Each pair of invisible orthodontic aligners was subjected to a seven-day treatment that consisted of cycles of 5 h/day with agitation at 60 rpm in the presence of the study medium (Coca-Cola® and Água de Pedras Salgadas®), at 37 °C, followed by rest (without agitation) in artificial saliva, at 37ºC. As a control, artificial saliva was used to replace drinks during the shaking cycles, which had already been shown to produce plastic particles in a recent study carried out by other authors. After treatment, the solutions were filtered, and the particles retained on the membrane detected with a magnifying glass were analyzed by FTIR. Particles with spectra similar to the original invisible orthodontic aligner were identified as microplastics, particles with different spectra as impurities. Results: The FTIR spectra of the invisible orthodontic aligners confirmed their distinct plastic constitution: G1 contains polyethylene terephthalate in its constitution and G2 contains polyurethane. Although there is no information available on the composition of G3, the similarity of its FTIR spectrum with that of the G1 group, with 93% correlation, allowed us to conclude that it is made up of the same thermoplastic. The release of plastic particles was observed from the aligners in groups G1 and G2 and the results obtained suggest that Coca-Cola® is an agent that promotes the release of microplastics from these devices, since they always gave rise to more particles than the control, in the different tests. carried out. In group G3, no particles compatible with aligner fragments were detected. The results of tests with Água de Pedras Salgadas® were inconclusive. Conclusion: Invisible orthodontic aligners release micro and/or nanoplastics and some drinks such as Coca-Cola®, probably due to their acidity, can favor the release of particles. This observation is worrying, as, although it is not recommended to even drink liquids during its use, studies show that non-compliance by some patients increases the risk of possible complications.
Objective: This work aimed to study the potential release of plastic particles by invisible orthodontic aligners exposed to mechanical friction and different mediums, simulating different environments in the oral cavity. Materials and methods: The study was carried out using aligners from three different brands, divided into groups: G1, G2 and G3. Each pair of invisible orthodontic aligners was subjected to a seven-day treatment that consisted of cycles of 5 h/day with agitation at 60 rpm in the presence of the study medium (Coca-Cola® and Água de Pedras Salgadas®), at 37 °C, followed by rest (without agitation) in artificial saliva, at 37ºC. As a control, artificial saliva was used to replace drinks during the shaking cycles, which had already been shown to produce plastic particles in a recent study carried out by other authors. After treatment, the solutions were filtered, and the particles retained on the membrane detected with a magnifying glass were analyzed by FTIR. Particles with spectra similar to the original invisible orthodontic aligner were identified as microplastics, particles with different spectra as impurities. Results: The FTIR spectra of the invisible orthodontic aligners confirmed their distinct plastic constitution: G1 contains polyethylene terephthalate in its constitution and G2 contains polyurethane. Although there is no information available on the composition of G3, the similarity of its FTIR spectrum with that of the G1 group, with 93% correlation, allowed us to conclude that it is made up of the same thermoplastic. The release of plastic particles was observed from the aligners in groups G1 and G2 and the results obtained suggest that Coca-Cola® is an agent that promotes the release of microplastics from these devices, since they always gave rise to more particles than the control, in the different tests. carried out. In group G3, no particles compatible with aligner fragments were detected. The results of tests with Água de Pedras Salgadas® were inconclusive. Conclusion: Invisible orthodontic aligners release micro and/or nanoplastics and some drinks such as Coca-Cola®, probably due to their acidity, can favor the release of particles. This observation is worrying, as, although it is not recommended to even drink liquids during its use, studies show that non-compliance by some patients increases the risk of possible complications.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Alinhador ortodôntico transparente Microplástico Termoplástico