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A Relação entre as Características do Emprego e as Necessidades Psicológicas dos Trabalhadores: a moderação pela idade
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O sucesso das organizações naturalmente passa pela gestão dos seus recursos e, nomeadamente, dos seus Recursos Humanos, o que implica que os gestores, cada mais, devem apostar numa política das práticas de recursos humanos consistente e adequada, tendo em conta a faixa etária, porque são as pessoas, com as suas competências, atitudes e o seu grau de envolvimento que constituem o principal fator de diferenciação e competitividade nas empresas num mundo global. No presente estudo de design transversal foram estudadas as relações entre as perceções dos colaboradores sobre as características do emprego e as necessidades psicológicas dos trabalhadores, em que a idade foi analisada como variável moderadora destas relações. Quanto à idade foram distinguidos três grupos etários: os mais jovens com idade inferior ou igual a 35 anos, os de meia-idade entre os 36 e 49 anos de idade e os mais velhos com mais de 50 anos de idade. A amostragem deste estudo é relativa à população ativa portuguesa (n = 350) numa determinada empresa com uma atividade específica em Portugal. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que, de um modo geral, a perceção das características do emprego está significativamente relacionada com a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas dos trabalhadores. Adicionalmente constatou-se o papel moderador da idade nas relações entre as variáveis em estudo, i.e., enquanto a relação entre a perceção de empregabilidade e perceção de insegurança do trabalho com a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas foi significativa para a faixa etária dos mais velhos e os colaboradores de meia-idade, para os colaboradores mais jovens esta relação não foi significativa. Curiosamente, quanto à relação entre overqualification e necessidades psicológicas, verificou-se o oposto, i.e., para os colaboradores mais jovens esta relação foi significativa, enquanto para os colaboradores mais velhos esta associação não se verifica. As implicações destes resultados para a gestão de Recursos Humanos serão discutidas.
The success of organizations naturally involves the management of their resources and their Human Resources, when it is constantly changing, which implies that managers, more and more, must bet on a consistent and adequate human resource practices policy, considering the age group, because it is the people, with their skills, attitudes and their degree of involvement that are the main factor of differentiation and competitiveness in companies in a global world. In the present cross-sectional design study, the relationships between the employees' perceptions about the employment characteristics and the psychological needs of the workers were studied, in which age was analyzed as a moderating variable of these relationships. As for age, three age groups were distinguished: the youngest being younger than 35 years, the middle-aged ones between 36 and 49 years of age and the older ones over 50 years of age. The sample of this study is related to the Portuguese active population (n = 350) in a certain company with a specific activity in Portugal. The obtained results allowed verifying that, in a general way, the perception of the employment characteristics is significantly related to the satisfaction of the psychological needs of the workers. Additionally, the moderating role of age in the relationships between the study variables was verified, this is, while the relation between the perceived employability and the perceived insecurity of the work with the satisfaction of the psychological needs was significant for the age group of the elderly and the middle-aged employees, for younger employees this relationship was not significant. Interestingly, the relationship between overqualification and psychological needs was found to be the opposite, i.e., for younger employees this relationship was significant, while for older employees this association does not occur. The implications of these results for the management of Human Resources will be discussed.
The success of organizations naturally involves the management of their resources and their Human Resources, when it is constantly changing, which implies that managers, more and more, must bet on a consistent and adequate human resource practices policy, considering the age group, because it is the people, with their skills, attitudes and their degree of involvement that are the main factor of differentiation and competitiveness in companies in a global world. In the present cross-sectional design study, the relationships between the employees' perceptions about the employment characteristics and the psychological needs of the workers were studied, in which age was analyzed as a moderating variable of these relationships. As for age, three age groups were distinguished: the youngest being younger than 35 years, the middle-aged ones between 36 and 49 years of age and the older ones over 50 years of age. The sample of this study is related to the Portuguese active population (n = 350) in a certain company with a specific activity in Portugal. The obtained results allowed verifying that, in a general way, the perception of the employment characteristics is significantly related to the satisfaction of the psychological needs of the workers. Additionally, the moderating role of age in the relationships between the study variables was verified, this is, while the relation between the perceived employability and the perceived insecurity of the work with the satisfaction of the psychological needs was significant for the age group of the elderly and the middle-aged employees, for younger employees this relationship was not significant. Interestingly, the relationship between overqualification and psychological needs was found to be the opposite, i.e., for younger employees this relationship was significant, while for older employees this association does not occur. The implications of these results for the management of Human Resources will be discussed.
Description
Keywords
Características do emprego Perceção de empregabilidade Insegurança do trabalho Overqualification Necessidades psicológicas Teoria da Autodeterminação Idade