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Atmosferas explosivas em esteira de tubagens no terminal de graneis líquidos em Sines: aplicações da diretiva ATEX
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O Terminal de Graneis Líquidos do Porto de Sines é o maior do país, possui seis postos de
acostagem com capacidade para receber navios de grande porte, dispõe de uma esteira de
tubagens para a movimentação dos produtos entre o Porto e as diversas unidades industriais.
A esteira de tubagens permite as operações de carga e descarga, bem como, operações de
trasfega entre navios atracados nos diferentes postos, com movimentação simultânea de
diversos produtos petrolíferos. A esteira de tubagens é constituída por tubos em aço ao nível
do solo, ligados por meio de flanges e soldas. Os riscos presentes nestas movimentações de
produtos estão essencialmente associados à possível libertação de substâncias inflamáveis
sob a forma de gases ou vapores que poderão criar atmosferas potencialmente explosivas.
A necessidade de reduzir a ocorrência de incêndios e explosões nos locais de trabalho, por
motivos humanos e económicos, levou à criação da Diretiva ATEX relativa às prescrições
mínimas de segurança que integram a responsabilidade do empregador, que deve evitar a
formação de atmosferas explosivas, mas se isso for inexecutável, deve evitar a sua
deflagração, bem como a propagação de acidentais explosões.
Portugal transpôs as Diretrizes Europeia 94/9/CE (ATEX 95) e 1999/92/CE (ATEX 137),
através do Decreto-Lei n.º 112/96 e Decreto-Lei n.º 236/2003 de 30 de Setembro que impõe
que em todos os locais onde se detete a presença de atmosferas explosivas se adotem
medidas de prevenção e proteção dos trabalhadores e dever-se-á classificar as áreas
perigosas onde se possam formar essas atmosferas.
Esta dissertação estuda a fenomenologia da atmosfera explosiva e as recíprocas
consequências numa esteira de tubagens, reflete também as medidas consideradas
adequadas para complementar as condições de segurança presentes, por forma a reduzir a
possibilidade de incidentes/acidentes e a minorar as suas consequências tanto na saúde dos
trabalhadores como no investimento realizado na empresa.
The liquid bulk terminal at Sines harbor, is the biggest in the country. It has six berths with the ability to receive big ships. It has wake pipes that allow the movement of products between the harbor and its several industrial units. The wake pipes allow charging and discharging operations, racking operations between ships berth in the different posts with a simultaneous movement of several petroleum products. They are constituted by steel tubes at the ground level, connected by flanges and welds. The risks within the movement of these products are essentially associated to the possible release of inflammable substances, like gases or steams that might create potentially explosive atmospheres. The need to reduce fires and explosions at work places, due to human or economic reasons, led to the creation of the ATEX Directive. This Directive prescribes minimum security conditions and assigns responsibilities to the employer that must avoid the formation of explosive atmospheres, but if this is unachievable, he must avoid its deflagration, as well as the spread of accidental explosions. Portugal transpose the European Directives 94/9/CE (ATEX 95) and 1999/92/CE (ATEX 137), through the Decreto-Lei n.º 112/96 and Decreto-Lei n.º 236/2003 of 30th september that imposes that in all locations where you notice the presence of explosive atmospheres, should be adopted prevention measures, worker protection measures and the hazardous areas where that atmospheres might be formed should be classified. This dissertation studies the phenomenology of the explosive atmosphere and the reciprocal consequences in the wake pipes. It also reflects the accurate measures to complement the security conditions in such a way that it reduces the possibility of accidents and lowers its consequences both in the health of workers and in the investment made by the company.
The liquid bulk terminal at Sines harbor, is the biggest in the country. It has six berths with the ability to receive big ships. It has wake pipes that allow the movement of products between the harbor and its several industrial units. The wake pipes allow charging and discharging operations, racking operations between ships berth in the different posts with a simultaneous movement of several petroleum products. They are constituted by steel tubes at the ground level, connected by flanges and welds. The risks within the movement of these products are essentially associated to the possible release of inflammable substances, like gases or steams that might create potentially explosive atmospheres. The need to reduce fires and explosions at work places, due to human or economic reasons, led to the creation of the ATEX Directive. This Directive prescribes minimum security conditions and assigns responsibilities to the employer that must avoid the formation of explosive atmospheres, but if this is unachievable, he must avoid its deflagration, as well as the spread of accidental explosions. Portugal transpose the European Directives 94/9/CE (ATEX 95) and 1999/92/CE (ATEX 137), through the Decreto-Lei n.º 112/96 and Decreto-Lei n.º 236/2003 of 30th september that imposes that in all locations where you notice the presence of explosive atmospheres, should be adopted prevention measures, worker protection measures and the hazardous areas where that atmospheres might be formed should be classified. This dissertation studies the phenomenology of the explosive atmosphere and the reciprocal consequences in the wake pipes. It also reflects the accurate measures to complement the security conditions in such a way that it reduces the possibility of accidents and lowers its consequences both in the health of workers and in the investment made by the company.
Description
Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à
obtenção do grau de
Mestre em Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho
Keywords
esteira de tubagens atmosferas explosivas ATEX medidas de prevenção explosões wake pipes explosive atmospheres prevention measures explosions MSHT
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais