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Prevenção do abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes: limites e desafios policiais em São Tomé e Príncipe
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Resumo(s)
O abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes constitui uma grave violação dos direitos humanos, particularmente relevante em contextos marcados por fragilidades socioeconómicas e institucionais, como São Tomé e Príncipe. Este fenómeno abrange não apenas o contacto físico, mas também práticas como o aliciamento, a exposição a conteúdos sexuais e outras condutas abusivas exercidas por adultos ou indivíduos em posição de poder, ocorrendo frequentemente em ambientes familiares ou comunitários, o que dificulta a denúncia e a deteção. As vítimas, devido à sua vulnerabilidade, experienciam sentimentos de medo, vergonha e culpa, fatores que contribuem para a subnotificação dos casos e para a continuidade do abuso. Neste contexto, o acesso a apoio psicológico, social e jurídico revela-se essencial para a recuperação das vítimas, enquanto a denúncia às autoridades competentes assume um papel central na responsabilização dos agressores. Considerando a missão da Polícia Nacional de São Tomé e Príncipe (PNSTP) na proteção dos direitos fundamentais e da infância, torna-se necessário reforçar estratégias preventivas, formação especializada dos agentes e modelos de policiamento de proximidade. Importa igualmente promover campanhas de sensibilização dirigidas às famílias, escolas e comunidades, com vista à identificação precoce de sinais de abuso e à criação de uma cultura de proteção da criança. A cooperação entre instituições públicas, organizações sociais e organismos internacionais assume também particular relevância no fortalecimento das respostas de prevenção e apoio às vítimas. Acresce que a insuficiência de recursos humanos especializados e de mecanismos adequados de intervenção continua a constituir um desafio significativo para as autoridades competentes. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os principais desafios legais, institucionais, operacionais e preventivos enfrentados pela PNSTP na prevenção do abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes, recorrendo a uma abordagem qualitativa baseada em entrevistas semiestruturadas.
Child and adolescent sexual abuse constitutes a serious violation of human rights, particularly relevant in contexts marked by socioeconomic and institutional vulnerabilities, such as São Tomé and Príncipe. This phenomenon encompasses not only physical contact, but also practices such as grooming, exposure to sexual content, and other abusive conduct carried out by adults or individuals in positions of power, often occurring within family or community environments, which makes reporting and detection more difficult. Due to their vulnerability, victims frequently experience feelings of fear, shame, and guilt, factors that contribute to the underreporting of cases and the continuation of abuse. In this context, access to psychological, social, and legal support is essential for victims’ recovery, while reporting to the competent authorities plays a central role in holding offenders accountable. Considering the mission of the National Police of São Tomé and Príncipe (PNSTP) in protecting fundamental rights and children’s rights, it is necessary to strengthen preventive strategies, specialized training for police officers, and community-oriented policing models. It is also important to promote awareness campaigns aimed at families, schools, and communities in order to facilitate the early identification of signs of abuse and foster a culture of child protection. Cooperation among public institutions, social organizations, and international bodies is likewise particularly relevant in strengthening prevention measures and victim support responses. Furthermore, the shortage of specialized human resources and adequate intervention mechanisms continues to represent a significant challenge for the competent authorities. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the main legal, institutional, operational, and preventive challenges faced by the PNSTP in preventing child and adolescent sexual abuse, using a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews.
Child and adolescent sexual abuse constitutes a serious violation of human rights, particularly relevant in contexts marked by socioeconomic and institutional vulnerabilities, such as São Tomé and Príncipe. This phenomenon encompasses not only physical contact, but also practices such as grooming, exposure to sexual content, and other abusive conduct carried out by adults or individuals in positions of power, often occurring within family or community environments, which makes reporting and detection more difficult. Due to their vulnerability, victims frequently experience feelings of fear, shame, and guilt, factors that contribute to the underreporting of cases and the continuation of abuse. In this context, access to psychological, social, and legal support is essential for victims’ recovery, while reporting to the competent authorities plays a central role in holding offenders accountable. Considering the mission of the National Police of São Tomé and Príncipe (PNSTP) in protecting fundamental rights and children’s rights, it is necessary to strengthen preventive strategies, specialized training for police officers, and community-oriented policing models. It is also important to promote awareness campaigns aimed at families, schools, and communities in order to facilitate the early identification of signs of abuse and foster a culture of child protection. Cooperation among public institutions, social organizations, and international bodies is likewise particularly relevant in strengthening prevention measures and victim support responses. Furthermore, the shortage of specialized human resources and adequate intervention mechanisms continues to represent a significant challenge for the competent authorities. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the main legal, institutional, operational, and preventive challenges faced by the PNSTP in preventing child and adolescent sexual abuse, using a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews.
Descrição
Mestrado em Ciências Policiais – Curso de Formação de Oficiais de Policia
Palavras-chave
abuso sexual adolescentes PNSTP prevenção institucional adolescents institutional prevention sexual abuse