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Contributo do turismo cultural no desenvolvimento local sustentável: o caso de Mbanza Kongo
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação analisa o contributo do turismo cultural para o desenvolvimento local sustentável da cidade de Mbanza Kongo, no norte de Angola. O estudo parte da constatação de que o turismo cultural, impulsionado pela valorização crescente do património e pelo fenómeno do turismo de massas, tem se afirmado como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento em diversos contextos globais. No entanto, apesar de Mbanza Kongo ter sido classificada como Património Mundial pela UNESCO em 2017, a cidade ainda não alcançou uma procura turística significativa, quer a nível local e internacional. A investigação, centra-se no contexto angolano, com especial atenção a Mbanza Kongo, cidade detentora de um património cultural vasto e diversificado, tanto material como imaterial, profundamente ligado à história do antigo Reino do Kongo. O principal objetivo é compreender de que forma este recurso patrimonial pode ser transformado em produto turístico estratégico para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável da região, tendo em conta os desafios económicos, sociais e ambientais vigentes. A metodologia adotada é de natureza mista, combinam-se a abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. A componente quantitativa, baseou-se num inquérito online aplicado a 412 participantes, com análise estatística realizada com auxílio do software SPSS. Esta abordagem permitiu identificar padrões de perceção sobre os impactos do turismo cultural em cinco dimensões: económica, social, cultural, ambiental e UNESCO. A componente qualitativa recorreu ao método etnográfico, com observação participante in loco, o que permitiu uma leitura mais profunda e holística do papel do turismo no desenvolvimento sustentável da localidade. Portanto, os resultados. A análise integrada dos dados quantitativos e qualitativos confirmam que a população de Mbanza Kongo reconhece o turismo cultural como uma via legítima e desejável para o desenvolvimento local sustentável. Verifica-se uma interligação estatisticamente significativa entre os domínios económico, social, cultural, ambiental e institucional/UNESCO, reforçando a natureza multissetorial da política turística local. O nível de escolaridade revela-se um fator determinante na perceção dos impactos do turismo cultural. Por fim, a classificação de Mbanza Kongo como Património Mundial pela UNESCO é amplamente valorizada pela população, sendo vista como catalisadora da promoção turística e do reconhecimento internacional do território.
This dissertation analyzes the contribution of cultural tourism to the sustainable local development of the city of Mbanza Kongo, in northern Angola. The study starts from the observation that cultural tourism, driven by the growing appreciation of heritage and the phenomenon of mass tourism, has established itself as a development strategy in various global contexts. However, despite Mbanza Kongo being classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2017, the city has not yet achieved significant tourist demand, either locally or internationally. The research, focused on the Angolan context, with special attention to Mbanza Kongo, a city possessing a vast and diverse cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible, deeply linked to the history of the ancient Kingdom of Kongo. The main objective is to understand how this heritage resource can be transformed into a strategic tourism product to promote the sustainable development of the region, taking into account the current economic, social, and environmental challenges. The methodology adopted is of a mixed nature, combining a qualitative and quantitative approach. The quantitative component was based on an online survey applied to 412 participants, with statistical analysis performed using SPSS software. This approach allowed for the identification of patterns of perception regarding the impacts of cultural tourism in five dimensions: economic, social, cultural, environmental, and UNESCO. The qualitative component used the ethnographic method, with on-site participant observation, which allowed for a deeper and more holistic understanding of the role of tourism in the sustainable development of the locality. Therefore, the results show that an integrated analysis of quantitative and qualitative data confirms that the population of Mbanza Kongo recognizes cultural tourism as a legitimate and preferred path for sustainable local development. There is a statistically significant interconnection between the economic, social, cultural, environmental, and institutional/UNESCO domains, reinforcing the multi-sectoral nature of local tourism policy. The level of education proves to be a determining factor in the perception of the impacts of cultural tourism. Finally, the classification of Mbanza Kongo as a UNESCO World Heritage Site is widely valued by the population, being seen as a breakthrough in tourism promotion and international recognition of the territory.
This dissertation analyzes the contribution of cultural tourism to the sustainable local development of the city of Mbanza Kongo, in northern Angola. The study starts from the observation that cultural tourism, driven by the growing appreciation of heritage and the phenomenon of mass tourism, has established itself as a development strategy in various global contexts. However, despite Mbanza Kongo being classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2017, the city has not yet achieved significant tourist demand, either locally or internationally. The research, focused on the Angolan context, with special attention to Mbanza Kongo, a city possessing a vast and diverse cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible, deeply linked to the history of the ancient Kingdom of Kongo. The main objective is to understand how this heritage resource can be transformed into a strategic tourism product to promote the sustainable development of the region, taking into account the current economic, social, and environmental challenges. The methodology adopted is of a mixed nature, combining a qualitative and quantitative approach. The quantitative component was based on an online survey applied to 412 participants, with statistical analysis performed using SPSS software. This approach allowed for the identification of patterns of perception regarding the impacts of cultural tourism in five dimensions: economic, social, cultural, environmental, and UNESCO. The qualitative component used the ethnographic method, with on-site participant observation, which allowed for a deeper and more holistic understanding of the role of tourism in the sustainable development of the locality. Therefore, the results show that an integrated analysis of quantitative and qualitative data confirms that the population of Mbanza Kongo recognizes cultural tourism as a legitimate and preferred path for sustainable local development. There is a statistically significant interconnection between the economic, social, cultural, environmental, and institutional/UNESCO domains, reinforcing the multi-sectoral nature of local tourism policy. The level of education proves to be a determining factor in the perception of the impacts of cultural tourism. Finally, the classification of Mbanza Kongo as a UNESCO World Heritage Site is widely valued by the population, being seen as a breakthrough in tourism promotion and international recognition of the territory.
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Keywords
Turismo cultural património classificação UNESCO Desenvolvimento local sustentável Angola Cultural tourism heritage UNESCO classification sustainable local development