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Publication
Mercados de droga da Dark Web: um crime de atuação (Inter)Nacional
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Authors
Abstract(s)
O ecossistema de mercados da dark web demonstra ser extremamente resiliente contra conflitos internos e operações policiais. O ciberespaço modifica os conceitos do espaço e do tempo afetos às interações sociais, assim a proximidade de interesses, ideologias e idioma torna-se mais relevante que a proximidade física.
A presente investigação beneficiou de quatro entrevistas exploratórias. Sob uma metodologia mista foram analisadas várias características dos 206 vendedores responsáveis pelos 742 anúncios dos principais estupefacientes ilícitos com mais vendas registadas na plataforma ASAP Market, através de dois momentos de registo retroativo da atividade dos vendedores nos 3 meses anteriores.
Dos 150 vendedores de maior atividade, 93 atuam limitados ao envio nacional, 26 limitados aos países da UE e 31 com envio internacional e intercontinental. Foi identificada a representação da venda dos diferentes tipos de estupefacientes pelos vendedores e pelos países de origem registados. Verificou-se uma política de reenvio ou reembolso positiva em 60% dos vendedores de atuação nacional, mas apenas em 25% dos vendedores de atuação internacional e intercontinental. A propensão dos vendedores para atuarem (inter)nacionalmente é influenciada pelo mercado doméstico em que estes estão inseridos e pela própria perceção do risco, permitindo o uso da teoria criminológica da escolha racional para a sua explicação.
Foi elaborado sobre as particularidades do mercado de droga Europeu e a sobreposição de uma das principais zonas de produção e consumo de drogas sintéticas com a disseminação do uso dos mercados de droga da dark web como uma possível razão da prevalência da atuação internacional e intercontinental dos vendedores localizados em países Europeus. A maioria dos vendedores atuam sob restrições geográficas, e os mercados da dark web demonstram uma crescente capacidade de satisfazer a procura dos mercados domésticos, evoluindo para um modelo de atuação regionalizado.
The dark web marketplaces ecosystem proves to be extremely resilient against internal conflicts and police operations. Cyberspace changes the concepts of space and time related to social interactions, thus the proximity of interests, ideologies and language becomes more relevant than physical proximity. The present investigation benefited from four exploratory interviews. Using a mixed methodology to analyze several characteristics of the 206 sellers responsible for the 742 advertisements for the main illicit drugs with the most sales recorded on the ASAP Market platform were analyzed, based on two moments of retroactive recording of the sellers' activity in the previous 3 months. Of the 150 most active sellers, 93 operate limited to national shipping, 26 limited to EU countries and 31 with international and intercontinental shipping. The representation of the sale of different types of drugs by registered sellers and countries of origin was identified. A positive resend or refund policy was found in 60% of nationally operating sellers, but only in 25% of sellers operating internationally and intercontinentally. The propensity of sellers to act (inter)nationally is influenced by the domestic market in which they are situated and by their own perception of risk, allowing the use of the criminological theory of rational choice to explain it. It was elaborated on the particularities of the European drug market and the overlapping of one of the main areas of production and consumption of synthetic drugs with the dissemination of the use of dark web drug markets as a possible reason for the prevalence of international and intercontinental activity of sellers located in European countries. Most sellers operate under geographic restrictions, and dark web markets are increasingly capable of meeting domestic market demand, evolving into a regionalized operating model.
The dark web marketplaces ecosystem proves to be extremely resilient against internal conflicts and police operations. Cyberspace changes the concepts of space and time related to social interactions, thus the proximity of interests, ideologies and language becomes more relevant than physical proximity. The present investigation benefited from four exploratory interviews. Using a mixed methodology to analyze several characteristics of the 206 sellers responsible for the 742 advertisements for the main illicit drugs with the most sales recorded on the ASAP Market platform were analyzed, based on two moments of retroactive recording of the sellers' activity in the previous 3 months. Of the 150 most active sellers, 93 operate limited to national shipping, 26 limited to EU countries and 31 with international and intercontinental shipping. The representation of the sale of different types of drugs by registered sellers and countries of origin was identified. A positive resend or refund policy was found in 60% of nationally operating sellers, but only in 25% of sellers operating internationally and intercontinentally. The propensity of sellers to act (inter)nationally is influenced by the domestic market in which they are situated and by their own perception of risk, allowing the use of the criminological theory of rational choice to explain it. It was elaborated on the particularities of the European drug market and the overlapping of one of the main areas of production and consumption of synthetic drugs with the dissemination of the use of dark web drug markets as a possible reason for the prevalence of international and intercontinental activity of sellers located in European countries. Most sellers operate under geographic restrictions, and dark web markets are increasingly capable of meeting domestic market demand, evolving into a regionalized operating model.
Description
Keywords
Mercados de droga da dark web Criptomercados Internet Narcotráfico Criminologia Teoria da escolha racional Dark web drug markets Cryptomarkets Drug trafficking Criminology Rational choice theory