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Impacto de um programa de fortalecimento da musculatura orofacial na performance de instrumentistas de sopro
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Os instrumentistas de sopro são profissionais que visam atingir padrões de excelência na sua performance. Esta é maioritariamente avaliada pelas características do som que é produzido e está associada a ajustes constantes da embocadura, da qual fazem parte os músculos temporomandibulares.
Objetivo: Verificar as características da força da musculatura temporomandibular na população de músicos de instrumentos de sopro e, ainda, verificar a eficácia de um programa de exercícios de fortalecimento, baseados nas guidelines do American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), na endurance da musculatura temporomandibular e o impacto destes exercícios na melhoria da performance musical, com base numa análise de som.
Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 60 participantes de ambos os sexos, distribuídos por conveniência pelos grupos experimental (GE) (N=31) e grupo de controlo (GC) (N=29). A avaliação inicial (T0) foi constituída por um questionário sociodemográfico, o EQ-5D-5L, a avaliação da força máxima da mordida e do tempo de endurance e gravação de notas longas, antes e após um período de prática musical (T0 e T1, respetivamente). O GE realizou um programa de fortalecimento, composto por 10 sessões de exercícios ao longo de 5 semanas, tendo depois repetido a avaliação (T2) do EQ-5D-5L, da força máxima da mordida e do tempo
de endurance e gravação de notas (T2 e T3). O GC apenas realizou as avaliações.
Resultados: Após a intervenção, não se verificaram diferenças no EQ-5D-5L. Foram encontradas diferenças entre grupos na força máxima da mordida entre T0 e T2 (p=0,001 à direita; p=0,031 à esquerda), explicado pela melhoria do GE (p=0,014 em ambos os lados). Não se verificaram diferenças no tempo de endurance. Nas características do som encontraram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos valores médios de intensidade (RMS), com o GC a tocar todas as notas com intensidades mais fortes. O GE na família dos metais passou a tocar as notas fortes também mais fortes, mas as pianas mais pianas, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre grupos na nota aguda piana em T2 (p=0,025). O GE na família das madeiras, tocou todas as notas mais pianas, comparativamente ao GC, com diferenças significativas em todas as notas.
Conclusões: O protocolo de exercícios não apresentou resultados na endurance muscular, mas sim na capacidade de força máxima da mordida o que trouxe implicações ao nível do volume do som, com melhorias no desempenho na produção das notas pianas em ambas as famílias de instrumentos. O mesmo não se verificou nas notas fortes na família das madeiras.
Introduction: Wind instrumentalists are professionals who aim to achieve standards ofexcellence in their performance. This is mostly evaluated by the characteristics of the sound thatis produced and is associated with constant adjustments of the embouchure, of which the temporomandibular muscles are part. Objective: To verify the characteristics of the temporomandibular muscles strength in the wind instrument musicians and, also, to verify the effectiveness of a program of strengthening exercises, based on the guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), in the endurance of the temporomandibular muscles and the impact of these exercises on improving musical performance, based on sound analysis. Methods: The sample consisted of 60 participants of both sexes, divided by convenience into the experimental group (EG) (N=31) and the control group (CG) (N=29). The initial assessment (T0) consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the EQ-5D-5L, assessment of maximum bite force and endurance time and the recording of long notes, before and after a period of musical practice (T0 and T1, respectively). The EG performed a strengthening program based on the guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine, consisting in 10 sessions over 5 weeks and then repeated the assessment (T2) of the EQ-5D-5L, maximum strength bite, endurance time and note recording (T2 and T3). The GC only performed the assessments. Results: After the intervention, there were no differences in the EQ-5D-5L. Differences were found between groups in maximal bite force between T0 and T2 (p=0.001 on the right; p=0.031 on the left), explained by the improvement in the EG (p=0.014 on both sides). There were no differences in endurance time. In the sound characteristics, statistically significant differences were found in the mean intensity values (RMS), with the GC playing all notes louder. The GE in the brass family also played loud notes louder, but the pianos more pianos, with significant differences between groups in the high piano note at T2 (p=0.025). The GE in the woodwind family played all notes more piano, compared to GC, with significant differences in all notes. Conclusions: The exercise protocol don’t had results in muscular endurance, but in the capacity of maximum bite force with implications at the sound loudness, with improvements in piano notes in both instrument families. The same was not true for the loud notes in the woodwind family.
Introduction: Wind instrumentalists are professionals who aim to achieve standards ofexcellence in their performance. This is mostly evaluated by the characteristics of the sound thatis produced and is associated with constant adjustments of the embouchure, of which the temporomandibular muscles are part. Objective: To verify the characteristics of the temporomandibular muscles strength in the wind instrument musicians and, also, to verify the effectiveness of a program of strengthening exercises, based on the guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), in the endurance of the temporomandibular muscles and the impact of these exercises on improving musical performance, based on sound analysis. Methods: The sample consisted of 60 participants of both sexes, divided by convenience into the experimental group (EG) (N=31) and the control group (CG) (N=29). The initial assessment (T0) consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the EQ-5D-5L, assessment of maximum bite force and endurance time and the recording of long notes, before and after a period of musical practice (T0 and T1, respectively). The EG performed a strengthening program based on the guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine, consisting in 10 sessions over 5 weeks and then repeated the assessment (T2) of the EQ-5D-5L, maximum strength bite, endurance time and note recording (T2 and T3). The GC only performed the assessments. Results: After the intervention, there were no differences in the EQ-5D-5L. Differences were found between groups in maximal bite force between T0 and T2 (p=0.001 on the right; p=0.031 on the left), explained by the improvement in the EG (p=0.014 on both sides). There were no differences in endurance time. In the sound characteristics, statistically significant differences were found in the mean intensity values (RMS), with the GC playing all notes louder. The GE in the brass family also played loud notes louder, but the pianos more pianos, with significant differences between groups in the high piano note at T2 (p=0.025). The GE in the woodwind family played all notes more piano, compared to GC, with significant differences in all notes. Conclusions: The exercise protocol don’t had results in muscular endurance, but in the capacity of maximum bite force with implications at the sound loudness, with improvements in piano notes in both instrument families. The same was not true for the loud notes in the woodwind family.
Description
Keywords
Instrumentos de sopro Músculos temporomandibulares Força muscular Endurance Qualidade do som Performance Wind instruments Temporomandibular muscles Muscle strength Endurance Sound quality Performance