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Disfagia e disfonia em pacientes com cancro de cabeça e pescoço
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Abstract(s)
O cancro de cabeça e pescoço, para além de ser uma patologia com uma incidência crescente nos últimos anos, é uma das principais causas de morte por cancro a nível mundial. Existem três principais modalidades terapêuticas para o tratamento do cancro, a cirurgia, a radioterapia e a quimioterapia, que embora tenham uma elevada taxa de sucesso, são também acompanhadas por efeitos adversos que afetam a qualidade de vida dos doentes oncológicos.
A disfagia é um distúrbio na deglutição que pode surgir, não só associada a tumores malignos na região da cabeça e pescoço, como efeito adverso do seu tratamento com qualquer uma das modalidades terapêuticas (cirurgia, radioterapia ou quimioterapia).
Tal com a disfagia, a disfonia, definida como um distúrbio na produção da voz, também pode surgir mediante a presença de neoplasias malignas nas mesmas regiões e/ou ser decorrente do seu tratamento.
Ambos os distúrbios têm um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida do paciente, afetando-o a nível funcional, social e psicológico.
Neste sentido, é importante abordar as suas causas, sinais, sintomas, complicações e tratamentos de forma a que os distúrbios sejam prevenidos e as suas consequências minimizadas, na medida do possível.
Head and neck cancer, in addition to being a pathology with an increasing incidence in recent years, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. There are three main therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cancer: surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Although these have a high success rate, they are also accompanied by adverse effects that affect the quality of life of cancer patients. Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that can arise, not only associated with malignant tumors in the head and neck region, but also as an adverse effect of treatment with any of the therapeutic modalities (surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy). Like dysphagia, dysphonia, defined as a voice production disorder, can also arise from the presence of malignant neoplasms in the same regions and/or as a consequence of their treatment. Both disorders have a negative impact on the patient's quality of life, affecting them functionally, socially, and psychologically. In this sense, it is important to address their causes, signs, symptoms, complications, and treatments so that the disorders are prevented and their consequences minimized as much as possible.
Head and neck cancer, in addition to being a pathology with an increasing incidence in recent years, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. There are three main therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cancer: surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Although these have a high success rate, they are also accompanied by adverse effects that affect the quality of life of cancer patients. Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that can arise, not only associated with malignant tumors in the head and neck region, but also as an adverse effect of treatment with any of the therapeutic modalities (surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy). Like dysphagia, dysphonia, defined as a voice production disorder, can also arise from the presence of malignant neoplasms in the same regions and/or as a consequence of their treatment. Both disorders have a negative impact on the patient's quality of life, affecting them functionally, socially, and psychologically. In this sense, it is important to address their causes, signs, symptoms, complications, and treatments so that the disorders are prevented and their consequences minimized as much as possible.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Cancro de cabeça e pescoço Disfagia Disfonia Qualidade de vida