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Rastreio do colesterol total em jovens adultos : uma oportunidade de intervenção precoce no controlo do risco cardiovascular
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares são um grave problema de saúde pública, e por isso, a necessidade de ter como alvo importante de prevenção os jovens adultos tornou-se evidente, uma vez que os comportamentos pouco saudáveis e os fatores de risco têm as suas origens entre a adolescência e vida adulta.
Objetivo: Detetar e avaliar o risco cardiovascular (RCV) em jovens adultos através de rastreios ao colesterol total capilar, bem como evidenciar o papel do farmacêutico na prevenção do RCV e promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis.
Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal na Escola Superior de Saúde de Beja, onde a recolha de dados foi efetuada num único dia. Incluíram-se participantes com idades entre os 18 e os 39 anos, com as capacidades mentais conservadas e que soubessem ler e escrever em português. O procedimento de recolha de dados foi efetuado de três formas distintas: aplicação de um questionário para estimar o RCV - Healthy Heart Score; medição dos parâmetros clínicos colesterol total (CT), pressão arterial e índice de massa corporal e, aplicação de um questionário utilizado para avaliar a intervenção farmacêutica. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS (versão 21).
Resultados: 50 participantes estiveram envolvidos no estudo, 62% do sexo feminino e 38% do sexo masculino, a média de idades é de 24,22 ±6,18. Nas variáveis clínicas, verificou-se que 52% dos participantes apresentava CT acima dos valores recomendados, 2% apresentava hipertensão arterial grau II, 22% apresentava excesso de peso e 10% obesidade tipo I. Nas variáveis comportamentais e de estilo de vida, verificou-se que 44% dos jovens adultos eram fumadores e 10% apresentava nível baixo de atividade física. Salienta-se que a maioria dos participantes não seguia as recomendações diárias para os grupos de alimentos analisados. Relativamente ao RCV verificou-se que 26% apresentava risco elevado, nestes indivíduos para além do reforço dos hábitos de vida saudáveis foi aconselhada a marcação de uma consulta médica.
Conclusão: A elevada prevalência de CT e do tabagismo, assim como a % significativa (26%) de RCV elevado apresentadas neste estudo é preocupante, destacando-se que a implementação de estratégias preventivas de RCV nos jovens adultos é essencial e urgente.
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are a serious public health problem and, therefore, the need to make young adults an important target of prevention has become evident, since unhealthy behaviors and risk factors have their origins among adolescence and adult life. Objective: To detect and evaluate cardiovascular risk (CVR) in young adults through screening for capillary total cholesterol, as well as to highlight the role of the pharmacist in the prevention of CVR and healthy life styles promotion. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed at Escola Superior de Saúde de Beja, where data collection was carry out in a single day. Participants aged between 18 and 39 years with preserved mental capacities and who could read and write in Portuguese were included. The data collection procedure was carried out in three different ways: application of a questionnaire to evaluate CVR - Healthy Heart Score; measurement of clinical parameters total cholesterol (TC), blood pressure and body mass index and application of a questionnaire used to evaluate pharmaceutical intervention. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS (version 21). Results: 50 participants were involved in the study, 62% female and 38% male. The average age is 24,22 ±6,18. Regarding clinical variables, it was found that 52% of participants had high TC, 2% had grade II arterial hypertension, 22% were overweight and 10% type I obesity. In behavioral and lifestyle variables, it was found that 44% of young adults were smokers and 10% had a low level of physical activity. Furthermore, most participants did not follow the daily recommendations for the food groups analyzed, and regarding CVR, 26% were found to be at high risk, in these individuals, in addition to strengthening healthy living habits, it was advisable to make an appointment for a medical consultation. Conclusion: The high prevalence of TC and smoking, as well as the significant rate (26%) of CVR presented in this study is worrying, emphasizing that the implementation of preventive strategies for CVR in young adults is essential and urgent.
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are a serious public health problem and, therefore, the need to make young adults an important target of prevention has become evident, since unhealthy behaviors and risk factors have their origins among adolescence and adult life. Objective: To detect and evaluate cardiovascular risk (CVR) in young adults through screening for capillary total cholesterol, as well as to highlight the role of the pharmacist in the prevention of CVR and healthy life styles promotion. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed at Escola Superior de Saúde de Beja, where data collection was carry out in a single day. Participants aged between 18 and 39 years with preserved mental capacities and who could read and write in Portuguese were included. The data collection procedure was carried out in three different ways: application of a questionnaire to evaluate CVR - Healthy Heart Score; measurement of clinical parameters total cholesterol (TC), blood pressure and body mass index and application of a questionnaire used to evaluate pharmaceutical intervention. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS (version 21). Results: 50 participants were involved in the study, 62% female and 38% male. The average age is 24,22 ±6,18. Regarding clinical variables, it was found that 52% of participants had high TC, 2% had grade II arterial hypertension, 22% were overweight and 10% type I obesity. In behavioral and lifestyle variables, it was found that 44% of young adults were smokers and 10% had a low level of physical activity. Furthermore, most participants did not follow the daily recommendations for the food groups analyzed, and regarding CVR, 26% were found to be at high risk, in these individuals, in addition to strengthening healthy living habits, it was advisable to make an appointment for a medical consultation. Conclusion: The high prevalence of TC and smoking, as well as the significant rate (26%) of CVR presented in this study is worrying, emphasizing that the implementation of preventive strategies for CVR in young adults is essential and urgent.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Jovens adultos Risco cardiovascular Colesterol total Rastreios Farmacêutico