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A Relação Dos Fatores De Stress No Ambiente Com A Cistite Idiopática Em Gatos Domésticos
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Abstract(s)
A Cistite Idiopática Felina, do inglês Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC), é uma doença complexa, que possui elevada taxa de incidência em gatos domésticos, especialmente quando o habitat é exclusivamente em regime indoor. Em virtude da ausência de bem-estar provocada pela presença de fatores stressores ambientais, responsáveis por alterações das necessidades essenciais dos gatos, estes apresentam-se com comportamento miccional anormal e periúria, dois dos sinais clínicos mais reportados, sendo a FIC na forma obstrutiva a situação mais grave e urgente da doença. O termo ‘’Síndrome de Pandora’’ é utilizado quando a FIC se apresenta concomitantemente com outros distúrbios, tais como gastrointestinais, dermatológicos, comportamentais e respiratórios. A abordagem diagnóstica baseia-se na exclusão de outras patologias do trato urinário inferior, do inglês Lower Urinary Tract (LUT), sejam estas metabólicas, infeciosas ou congénitas. A seguir ao diagnóstico, o tratamento baseia-se em aumentar a qualidade de vida do gato, através a sua recuperação clínica, a qual ocorre pelo maneio do ambiente em que o gato vive, com objetivo de diminuir a ativação do sistema de resposta ao stress. Esta abordagem inclui também alterações na alimentação, localização e disponibilidade de alimento e água, bem como no maneio olfatório. A taxa de mortalidade por FIC relacionada a FLUTD no estudo mais recente é de 20%, contudo de salientar que esta percentagem pode estar sobrestimada devido às consequentes complicações do LUT e também à decisão de eutanásia pelos tutores. Os gatos que sobrevivem possuem um prognóstico reservado devido a elevada taxa de recorrência da doença, que por sua vez favorece o desenvolvimento de outras patologias do LUT. Assim, a alteração ambiental configura-se como principal agente transformador da qualidade de vida do gato doméstico, atuando especialmente na eliminação dos fatores de stress e contribuindo para a melhoria do bem-estar do animal, sendo este o objetivo central no tratamento da FIC. Por fim, dada a complexidade desta doença, mais estudos se afiguram necessários para uma melhor abordagem do animal com FIC.
Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is a complex disease with a high incidence rate in domestic cats, especially those whose habitat is exclusively indoors. Due to the lack of well-being due to the presence of environmental stressors that cause the cats' general needs to be compromised, they present with abnormal urination behavior and house-soiling as the most reported clinical signs, with FIC in the obstructive form being the most serious and urgency of the disease. The term Pandora syndrome is used when FIC is concomitant with other disorders, such as gastrointestinal, skin, behavioral and respiratory disorders. The diagnostic approach is based on the exclusion of other pathologies of the lower urinary tract (LUT), whether metabolic, infectious or congenital. Following diagnosis, treatment is based on increasing the cat's survival with a view to clinical recovery, which occurs through managing the environment in which the cat lives, in order to reduce the activation of the stress response system. This also includes changes in nutrition, arrangement and availability of food and water in the cat's habitat and olfactory management. The mortality rate for FIC related to FLUTD in the most recent study is 20%, however this is hampered due to the causes of complications of LUT and also the decision to euthanize by owners. Cats that survive have a poor prognosis due to the high rate of recurrence of the disease, which in turn favors the development of other LUT complications. Thus, environmental change is the main agent transforming the domestic cat's quality of life, acting especially in the elimination of stress factors and contributing to the improvement of the animal's well-being, which is the central objective in the treatment of FIC. Finally, given the complexity of this disease, more studies are necessary to better approach animals with FIC.
Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is a complex disease with a high incidence rate in domestic cats, especially those whose habitat is exclusively indoors. Due to the lack of well-being due to the presence of environmental stressors that cause the cats' general needs to be compromised, they present with abnormal urination behavior and house-soiling as the most reported clinical signs, with FIC in the obstructive form being the most serious and urgency of the disease. The term Pandora syndrome is used when FIC is concomitant with other disorders, such as gastrointestinal, skin, behavioral and respiratory disorders. The diagnostic approach is based on the exclusion of other pathologies of the lower urinary tract (LUT), whether metabolic, infectious or congenital. Following diagnosis, treatment is based on increasing the cat's survival with a view to clinical recovery, which occurs through managing the environment in which the cat lives, in order to reduce the activation of the stress response system. This also includes changes in nutrition, arrangement and availability of food and water in the cat's habitat and olfactory management. The mortality rate for FIC related to FLUTD in the most recent study is 20%, however this is hampered due to the causes of complications of LUT and also the decision to euthanize by owners. Cats that survive have a poor prognosis due to the high rate of recurrence of the disease, which in turn favors the development of other LUT complications. Thus, environmental change is the main agent transforming the domestic cat's quality of life, acting especially in the elimination of stress factors and contributing to the improvement of the animal's well-being, which is the central objective in the treatment of FIC. Finally, given the complexity of this disease, more studies are necessary to better approach animals with FIC.
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Keywords
Cistite Idiopática Felina Stressores Bem-estar Maneio Do Ambiente Trato Urinário Inferior Feline Idiopathic Cystitis Stressors Well-being Environmental Management Lower Urinary Tract