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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Desde a Antiguidade Clássica que se tenta navegar debaixo de água, contudo,
apenas a partir do Renascimento existem provas consistentes de navegação em veículos
submarinos e logo nessa época tiveram início os acidentes envolvendo estas embarcações.
Até ao início do século XX, para além da perícia humana que os tripulantes
ostentassem, não existiam meios de salvamento submarino com eficácia comprovada.
Com o aparecimento dos aparelhos de respiração autónomos, o escape submarino sofre
uma grande evolução, estes que, transformar-se-iam, até final do século XX, num fato
extremamente completo de escape submarino.
Decorrente dos acidentes do USS S-5 em 1920, do USS S-51 em 1925 e do USS
S-4 em 1927, é iniciado o projeto da MacCann Rescue Chamber. Projeto que viria a ser
utilizado no resgate de 33 homens abordo do USS Squalus em 1939, materializando
assim, a primeira operação de resgate submarino feita com sucesso.
Durante as Guerras Mundiais, imensos submarinos de várias nações foram
perdidos, muitos sem salvamento possível, e os que eventualmente poderiam ser
socorridos, por consequência de opções táticas e estratégicas, acabavam por se perder
como danos colaterais.
Nos anos 60, por influência da Guerra Fria, dois trágicos acidentes envolvendo
submarinos ocorreram, o acidente do USS Tresher e do USS Scorpion, onde no
somatório, 228 vidas foram perdidas. Despoletou-se assim o investimento no resgate
submarino, resultando no aparecimento de SRV’s (Submarine Rescue Vehicle), SRC’s
(Submarine Rescue Chamber) mais avançadas, ROV’s (Remoted Operated Vehicle),
sistemas TUP (Transfer Under Pressure), entre outros, cada vez mais evoluídos e com
melhores capacidades.
Com a entrada no século XXI, e com a ocorrência de um acidente envolvendo um
submarino nuclear russo, o Kursk, em 2000, passados três anos, é criado o “International
Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office”. Uma estrutura de cooperação
internacional dedicada exclusivamente ao SMER (Submarine Escape and Rescue).
Contudo, nem os avanços tecnológicos, nem a ajuda internacional, foram suficientes para
encontrar a tempo o ARA San Juan em 2017.
Since the Classic Antiquity, attempts have been made to navigate under water, however, only after the Renaissance there are consistent evidences of navigation in underwater vehicles, and even at that time, accidents involving these vessels began. Until the beginning of the 20th century, apart from the human expertise that the crew displayed, there were no means of submarine rescue with proven efficacy. With the appearance of autonomous breathing apparatus, the submarine escape suffered a great evoluation, wich would, until the end of the 20th century, become an extremely complete submarine escape suit. Due to the accidents of the USS S-5 in 1920, the USS S-51 in 1925 and the USS4 in 1927, the MacCann Rescue Chamber project was started. This project was used in the rescue of 33 men aboard the USS Squalus in 1939, materializing the first successful submarine rescue operation. During the World Wars, a huge quantity of submarines from various nations were lost, many without possible rescue, and those that could possibly be rescued, as a result of tactital and strategic options, ended up lost as collateral damage. In the 1960s, due to the Cold War, two tragic accidents involving submarines occured, the USS Tresher and the USS Scorpion accidents, where in total, 228 lives were lost. This triggered the investment in submarine rescue, resulting in the appearance of SRV’s (Submarine Rescue Vehicle), SRC’s (Submarine Rescue Chamber) more advanced, ROV’s (Remoted Operated Vehicle), TUP (Transfer Under Presure) systems, among others, increasingly evolved and with better capabilities. With the entry into the 21st century, and the accident of the russian nuclear submarine Kursk, in 2000, after three years, the “International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office” was created. It is an international cooperation structure dedicated exclusively to SMER (Submarine Escape and Rescue). However, neither technological advances nor international aid were enough to find ARA San Juan in time in 2017.
Since the Classic Antiquity, attempts have been made to navigate under water, however, only after the Renaissance there are consistent evidences of navigation in underwater vehicles, and even at that time, accidents involving these vessels began. Until the beginning of the 20th century, apart from the human expertise that the crew displayed, there were no means of submarine rescue with proven efficacy. With the appearance of autonomous breathing apparatus, the submarine escape suffered a great evoluation, wich would, until the end of the 20th century, become an extremely complete submarine escape suit. Due to the accidents of the USS S-5 in 1920, the USS S-51 in 1925 and the USS4 in 1927, the MacCann Rescue Chamber project was started. This project was used in the rescue of 33 men aboard the USS Squalus in 1939, materializing the first successful submarine rescue operation. During the World Wars, a huge quantity of submarines from various nations were lost, many without possible rescue, and those that could possibly be rescued, as a result of tactital and strategic options, ended up lost as collateral damage. In the 1960s, due to the Cold War, two tragic accidents involving submarines occured, the USS Tresher and the USS Scorpion accidents, where in total, 228 lives were lost. This triggered the investment in submarine rescue, resulting in the appearance of SRV’s (Submarine Rescue Vehicle), SRC’s (Submarine Rescue Chamber) more advanced, ROV’s (Remoted Operated Vehicle), TUP (Transfer Under Presure) systems, among others, increasingly evolved and with better capabilities. With the entry into the 21st century, and the accident of the russian nuclear submarine Kursk, in 2000, after three years, the “International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office” was created. It is an international cooperation structure dedicated exclusively to SMER (Submarine Escape and Rescue). However, neither technological advances nor international aid were enough to find ARA San Juan in time in 2017.
Description
Keywords
Acidentes Salvamento Escape Resgate Evolução