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Avaliação da capacidade dos órgãos polícia criminal em detetar a mentira
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A principal pretensão deste trabalho reside na avaliação da capacidade dos órgãos de polícia criminal (OPC) em detetar a mentira. Traçaram-se, ademais, outros objetivos, como a procura de correlações entre fatores demográficos - como o sexo, escolaridade, experiência e confiança - e a precisão na deteção da mentira.
A resposta aos objetivos suprarreferidos foi possível através dos saberes da disciplina da Psicologia do Testemunho, que se verificaram vitais à realização da presente dissertação. Tendo por base os processos psicológicos básicos; sensação, a atenção, a perceção e a memória; a Psicologia do Testemunho analisa a discursividade; comunicação verbal e não verbal; e, em consequência desta, a credibilidade e fiabilidade dos depoimentos prestados.
Tendo como sustentáculo esta ciência, criámos uma metodologia que nos permitisse averiguar os propósitos mencionados no parágrafo anterior. Editámos e elaboramos, deste modo, dois vídeos correspondentes a dois testemunhos - um fabricado e um genuíno - sendo que estes dois vídeos foram posteriormente visualizados e avaliados pelos nossos grupos amostrais – OPC e Civis.
A capacidade dos OPC (n=22) em detetar a mentira verificou-se, efetivamente, superior à dos Civis (n=20), tendo os OPC atingindo uma precisão de 43.94% (SD=0.33) enquanto os Civis se ficaram pelos 26.67% (SD=0.23), t=2.44, p=0.023, 95%. No que diz respeito aos restantes objetivos traçados, não verificámos a existência de qualquer relação significativa entre os fatores demográficos da amostra e a sua precisão na deteção da mentira.
The main aim of the present work is to evaluate the accuracy of Portuguese Law Enforcement Agencies (OPC) on lie detection. Furthermore, our study investigated the link between lie detection accuracy and demographic factors, such as, sex, education, experience and confidence. The conclusion drawn from these objectives was possible through the lore of the discipline of the Eyewitness Psychology, which proved to be essential to the accomplishment of the present dissertation. Founded on the basic psychological processes; sensation, attention, perception and memory; the Eyewitness Psychology analyzes the discursiveness; verbal and nonverbal communication; and consequently, the credibility and reliability of the testimonials. Utilizing this science as an anchor, we crafted a methodology which allowed us to ascertain the purposes mentioned prior. We have, thus, edited and produced two videos corresponding to two testimonies; one fabricated and one genuine. The videos were later viewed and evaluated by our sample groups - OPC and Civilians. We were able to draw the conclusion that the ability of the OPC (n=22) to detect lies was effectively superior to that of the Civilians (n=20). The OPC reached an accuracy of 43.94% (SD=0.33) while the Civilians only reached 26.67 % (SD=0.23), t=2.44, p=0.023, 95%. With regard to the other outlined objectives, we did not verify the existence of any significant relationship between the demographic factors of the sample and their precision in regards to deception detection.
The main aim of the present work is to evaluate the accuracy of Portuguese Law Enforcement Agencies (OPC) on lie detection. Furthermore, our study investigated the link between lie detection accuracy and demographic factors, such as, sex, education, experience and confidence. The conclusion drawn from these objectives was possible through the lore of the discipline of the Eyewitness Psychology, which proved to be essential to the accomplishment of the present dissertation. Founded on the basic psychological processes; sensation, attention, perception and memory; the Eyewitness Psychology analyzes the discursiveness; verbal and nonverbal communication; and consequently, the credibility and reliability of the testimonials. Utilizing this science as an anchor, we crafted a methodology which allowed us to ascertain the purposes mentioned prior. We have, thus, edited and produced two videos corresponding to two testimonies; one fabricated and one genuine. The videos were later viewed and evaluated by our sample groups - OPC and Civilians. We were able to draw the conclusion that the ability of the OPC (n=22) to detect lies was effectively superior to that of the Civilians (n=20). The OPC reached an accuracy of 43.94% (SD=0.33) while the Civilians only reached 26.67 % (SD=0.23), t=2.44, p=0.023, 95%. With regard to the other outlined objectives, we did not verify the existence of any significant relationship between the demographic factors of the sample and their precision in regards to deception detection.
Description
Keywords
Psicologia do Testemunho Discursividade Processos Psicológicos Básicos Deteção da Mentira Órgãos de Polícia Criminal