Loading...
Publication
Nanotecnologia na veiculação de fármacos antirretrovirais na terapêutica do HIV
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.12 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Um dos maiores desafios enfrentados atualmente é a busca pela cura da infeção causada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida. Os reservatórios virais associados ao HIV representam um obstáculo significativo no tratamento, permitindo a persistência do vírus no organismo, mesmo durante a terapêutica antirretroviral. Esses reservatórios são locais onde o vírus permanece num estado latente apesar da terapêutica, tornando a erradicação completa do HIV uma tarefa desafiadora.
Embora existam diversas terapias disponíveis no mercado para mitigar as condições mais severas da infeção e melhorar as taxas de sobrevivência, essas abordagens enfrentam limitações relacionadas com a biodisponibilidade, permeabilidade reduzida e curta semivida dos medicamentos. A toxicidade, efeitos adversos e a resistência do vírus a vários fármacos são barreiras adicionais que as terapias atuais precisam superar.
Nanossistemas de veiculação baseados em nanotecnologia, como os lipossomas, as nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas e as nanopartículas inorgânicas e orgânicas, oferecem uma maneira de direcionar os medicamentos aos tecidos e órgãos-alvo. A inclusão de antirretrovirais em nanossistemas demonstrou potencial para melhorar a libertação dos medicamentos e otimizar os seus perfis farmacocinéticos.
No entanto, a aplicação da nanotecnologia no tratamento da infeção por HIV enfrenta o desafio de atingir efetivamente os reservatórios virais nos pacientes. Isso pode ser influenciado por fatores como a distribuição heterogênea desses reservatórios e as barreiras biológicas que dificultam sua veiculação. A compreensão desses obstáculos é crucial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias eficazes que possam ser bem-sucedidas no contexto clínico.
One of the greatest challenges currently faced is the quest for a cure for the infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Viral reservoirs associated with HIV pose a significant obstacle to treatment, allowing the virus to persist in the body even during antiretroviral therapy. These reservoirs are regions where the virus remains in a latent state, making the complete eradication of HIV a challenging task. While various therapies are available in the market to mitigate the most severe conditions of the infection and improve survival rates, these approaches face limitations related to drug bioavailability, reduced permeability, and short half-life. Toxicity, adverse effects, and the virus's resistance to multiple drugs are additional barriers that current therapies need to overcome. Nanocarrier-based nanotechnology systems, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, inorganic, and organic nanoparticles, offer a way to target medications to tissues and organs. The inclusion of antiretrovirals in nanosystems has shown potential to enhance drug release and optimize their pharmacokinetic profiles. However, the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of HIV infection faces the challenge of effectively reaching viral reservoirs in patients. This may be influenced by factors such as the heterogeneous distribution of these reservoirs and biological barriers that hinder their delivery. Understanding these obstacles is crucial for developing effective strategies that can be successful in a clinical context.
One of the greatest challenges currently faced is the quest for a cure for the infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Viral reservoirs associated with HIV pose a significant obstacle to treatment, allowing the virus to persist in the body even during antiretroviral therapy. These reservoirs are regions where the virus remains in a latent state, making the complete eradication of HIV a challenging task. While various therapies are available in the market to mitigate the most severe conditions of the infection and improve survival rates, these approaches face limitations related to drug bioavailability, reduced permeability, and short half-life. Toxicity, adverse effects, and the virus's resistance to multiple drugs are additional barriers that current therapies need to overcome. Nanocarrier-based nanotechnology systems, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, inorganic, and organic nanoparticles, offer a way to target medications to tissues and organs. The inclusion of antiretrovirals in nanosystems has shown potential to enhance drug release and optimize their pharmacokinetic profiles. However, the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of HIV infection faces the challenge of effectively reaching viral reservoirs in patients. This may be influenced by factors such as the heterogeneous distribution of these reservoirs and biological barriers that hinder their delivery. Understanding these obstacles is crucial for developing effective strategies that can be successful in a clinical context.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Nanotecnologia HIV Nanopartículas Reservatórios virais Antirretrovirais