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A intervenção do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de reabilitação à pessoa com alteração da deglutição por lesão neurológica
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os rituais associados à preparação, confeção e partilha de refeições dependem
da cultura em que estamos inseridos, estando associados a momentos de partilha e
prazer. As alterações da deglutição têm impacte na funcionalidade da pessoa e
respetiva qualidade de vida, podendo originar complicações respiratórias, nutricionais,
psicossociais e económicas.
Apesar da sua elevada prevalência, a disfagia continua a ser frequentemente
desvalorizada e como tal subdiagnosticada na maioria das instituições que prestam
cuidados a pessoas com potencial risco de compromisso da deglutição. Apesar de
existirem diversos instrumentos de avaliação disponíveis, não existe consenso sobre
qual o melhor.
Posto isto, urge a necessidade de analisar, com base na mais recente evidência
científica, qual o papel do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação
(EEER) na abordagem à pessoa com compromisso da deglutição, neste caso por
lesão neurológica.
O presente relatório surge no terceiro semestre do curso de mestrado em
enfermagem, na área de especialização em Enfermagem de Reabilitação e visa
espelhar o percurso realizado para a aquisição e desenvolvimento do perfil de
competências comuns, desenhado para o Enfermeiro especialista, e o perfil de
competências específicas para o EEER, em consonância com os indicadores de
Dublin, delineados para a obtenção do grau de mestre.
Neste trabalho consta a descrição, reflexão e análise crítica sobre as atividades
realizadas no decorrer dos ensinos clínicos, que serviram de motor de aprendizagem
para o desenvolvimento do respetivo perfil de competências humanas e técnico científicas.
Conclui-se que o EEER está numa posição privilegiada para identificar e
diagnosticar atempadamente situações de disfagia, quer por estar mais próximo do
cliente, quer por ser detentor de um vasto conhecimento e experiência acrescida. A
implementação de programas de reeducação da deglutição tem ganhos na prevenção
de complicações; na maximização da recuperação funcional, da independência e
autonomia, que se traduzem num aumento da satisfação e da qualidade de vida
percecionados pela pessoa e família.
The rituals associated with the preparation, making and sharing of meals depend on the culture in which we operate, being associated with moments of sharing and pleasure. Swallowing alterations have an impact on the person's functionality and respective quality of life, and may lead to respiratory, nutritional, psychosocial and economic complications. Despite its high prevalence, dysphagia continues to be frequently undervalued and, as such, underdiagnosed in most institutions that provide care to people with potential risk of swallowing impairment. Although there are several assessment tools available, there is no consensus on which is the best. That said, based on the most recent scientific evidence, there is an urgent need to analyze the role of the rehabilitation specialist nurse (EEER) in approaching the person with swallowing compromise, in this case due to neurological injury. This report appears in the third semester Nursing Master's course, in the Specialty of Rehabilitation Nursing and aims to reflect the path taken for the acquisition and development of the common skills, designed for the specialist nurse, and the skills specific for the EEER, in line with the Dublin indicators, outlined for obtaining a master's degree. This work contains a description, reflection and critical analysis of the activities carried out during clinical teaching, which served as a learning engine for the development of the respective profile of human and technical-scientific skills. It is concluded that the EEER is in a privileged position to timely identify and diagnose dysphagia situations, either because it is closer to the patient, or because it has vast knowledge and increased experience. The implementation of swallowing reeducation programs has earnings in the prevention of complications; in maximizing functional recovery, independence and autonomy, which translate into increased satisfaction and quality of life perceived by the person and his/her family.
The rituals associated with the preparation, making and sharing of meals depend on the culture in which we operate, being associated with moments of sharing and pleasure. Swallowing alterations have an impact on the person's functionality and respective quality of life, and may lead to respiratory, nutritional, psychosocial and economic complications. Despite its high prevalence, dysphagia continues to be frequently undervalued and, as such, underdiagnosed in most institutions that provide care to people with potential risk of swallowing impairment. Although there are several assessment tools available, there is no consensus on which is the best. That said, based on the most recent scientific evidence, there is an urgent need to analyze the role of the rehabilitation specialist nurse (EEER) in approaching the person with swallowing compromise, in this case due to neurological injury. This report appears in the third semester Nursing Master's course, in the Specialty of Rehabilitation Nursing and aims to reflect the path taken for the acquisition and development of the common skills, designed for the specialist nurse, and the skills specific for the EEER, in line with the Dublin indicators, outlined for obtaining a master's degree. This work contains a description, reflection and critical analysis of the activities carried out during clinical teaching, which served as a learning engine for the development of the respective profile of human and technical-scientific skills. It is concluded that the EEER is in a privileged position to timely identify and diagnose dysphagia situations, either because it is closer to the patient, or because it has vast knowledge and increased experience. The implementation of swallowing reeducation programs has earnings in the prevention of complications; in maximizing functional recovery, independence and autonomy, which translate into increased satisfaction and quality of life perceived by the person and his/her family.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem em reabilitação Dieta Transtornos de deglutição Autocuidado