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Os Sistemas Agroflorestais de Sucessão em Portugal: qual o seu contributo no futuro da Agricultura Biológica?
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os Sistemas Agroflorestais de Sucessão (SAFS) são modelos agroflorestais com uma recente implementação em território Europeu e como tal com limitada investigação científica em climas temperados e de influência Mediterrânica. A Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, pelas mãos do professor Pedro Mendes Moreira, da doutora Rosa Guilherme do mestre Walter Sandes, é, à data da realização da presente dissertação, a única instituição superior que se tem dedicado ao estudo destes sistemas em Portugal. Tendo como base o trabalho desenvolvido até então e partindo da hipótese de que os SAFS poderão contribuir para o aumento da sustentabilidade e resiliência às alterações climáticas de modelos agrícolas da agricultura biológica moderna, foi realizado um levantamento e caracterização das principais iniciativas de SAFS em Portugal continental. Utilizando uma abordagem participativa, com visitas às explorações e levantamento de dados de campo e aplicação de questionários em entrevistas semiabertas, foi recolhida e processada informação detalhada com vista ao conhecimento do ponto de situação dos SAFS portugueses. Foram selecionadas 9 explorações num total de 22 campos de SAFS. Apesar da elevada heterogeneidade registada foi constante um desenho de arvores em linha (baseado no modelo de agrofloresta alley-cropping), uma estrutura base assente em pomares de fruta e uma elevada biodiversidade de espécies vegetais arbóreas, arbustivas e herbáceas. Foi registada uma grande afinidade com a agricultura biológica tendo os SAFS sido identificados como uma potencial fonte de transferência de conhecimento sob a forma de soluções de base ecológica. Foram também identificadas necessidades de validação de resultados, quer ao nível dos benefícios ambientais como da produtividade e rentabilidade destes sistemas. Como potenciais vantagens dos SAFS encontraram-se uma menor necessidade de irrigação, uma diminuição na fertilização e uma baixa incidência de pragas e doenças por comparação com modelos agrícolas equivalentes. Foram também identificados estratégias de conversão de modelos de uso de terra agrícola em agroflorestal para além da confirmação do potencial em restauro já validado em climas tropicais. Os resultados e conclusões preliminares foram posteriormente apresentadas à comunidade cientifica sob a forma de comunicação em congressos internacionais de especialidade onde se submeteram à avaliação entre pares. Foi ainda promovida a divulgação da informação gerada para outros públicos com a sua publicação numa revista técnico-científica nacional bem como a organização de um evento de caracter técnico-científico onde foi possível promover o debate e a criação de conhecimento nesta área.
Succession Agroforestry Systems (SAFS) are agroforestry models recent in Europe and as a consequence with limited scientific research in temperate climates and with Mediterranean influence. The Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, by the hands of Professor Pedro Mendes Moreira, Doctor Rosa Guilherme and Master Walter Sandes, is, by the time of this thesis, the only Portuguese Academic institution dedicated to the study of these systems. Based on the work developed so far and starting with the hypothesis that SAFS can contribute to sustainability increasing and to climate change resilience in modern organic farming systems, a was conducted survey to try to characterize the main SAFS initiatives in mainland Portugal. Using a participatory approach, collection of field data and application of questionnaires in semi-open interviews were made during visits to farms. Detailed information was collected and processed in order to characterise Portuguese SAFS. Nine farms were selected with a total of 22 SAFS fields. Although high heterogeneity between fields was recorded, there was a regular design of trees in rows (based on the alley-cropping agroforestry model), a basic structure of fruit orchards and a high biodiversity of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plant species. A close affinity to organic farming was noted and SAFS were identified as a potential source of knowledge transfer in the form of nature-based solutions. The needs for validation of results were also identified, both considering environmental benefits and the productivity and profitability of these systems. Potential advantages of SAFS include a lower need for irrigation, a decrease in fertilization and a lower incidence of pests and diseases compared to equivalent agricultural systems. Strategies for the conversion of agricultural land use systems into agroforestry were also identified, in addition to the confirmation of the potential for restoration, already validated in tropical climates. The preliminary results and conclusions were later presented to the scientific community in as communications in international scientific conferences where they could be submitted to peer review. The data generated was also disseminated to other audiences with the publication of two articles in a Portuguese journal with a technical-scientific line. The organization of a technical-scientific event where it was possible to promote debate and the creation of knowledge in this area was the final stop in the journey.
Succession Agroforestry Systems (SAFS) are agroforestry models recent in Europe and as a consequence with limited scientific research in temperate climates and with Mediterranean influence. The Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, by the hands of Professor Pedro Mendes Moreira, Doctor Rosa Guilherme and Master Walter Sandes, is, by the time of this thesis, the only Portuguese Academic institution dedicated to the study of these systems. Based on the work developed so far and starting with the hypothesis that SAFS can contribute to sustainability increasing and to climate change resilience in modern organic farming systems, a was conducted survey to try to characterize the main SAFS initiatives in mainland Portugal. Using a participatory approach, collection of field data and application of questionnaires in semi-open interviews were made during visits to farms. Detailed information was collected and processed in order to characterise Portuguese SAFS. Nine farms were selected with a total of 22 SAFS fields. Although high heterogeneity between fields was recorded, there was a regular design of trees in rows (based on the alley-cropping agroforestry model), a basic structure of fruit orchards and a high biodiversity of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plant species. A close affinity to organic farming was noted and SAFS were identified as a potential source of knowledge transfer in the form of nature-based solutions. The needs for validation of results were also identified, both considering environmental benefits and the productivity and profitability of these systems. Potential advantages of SAFS include a lower need for irrigation, a decrease in fertilization and a lower incidence of pests and diseases compared to equivalent agricultural systems. Strategies for the conversion of agricultural land use systems into agroforestry were also identified, in addition to the confirmation of the potential for restoration, already validated in tropical climates. The preliminary results and conclusions were later presented to the scientific community in as communications in international scientific conferences where they could be submitted to peer review. The data generated was also disseminated to other audiences with the publication of two articles in a Portuguese journal with a technical-scientific line. The organization of a technical-scientific event where it was possible to promote debate and the creation of knowledge in this area was the final stop in the journey.
Description
Keywords
Agroecologia Alterações climáticas Degradação do solo Serviços de Ecossistema Sucessão natural