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A experiência de crescimento pós-traumático nos profissionais de emergência médica com trauma vicariante
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Objetivo: A prevalência de doenças mentais em profissionais de emergência médica pode dever-se à exposição recorrente a eventos traumáticos e ao sofrimento humano, potenciando o trauma vicariante. Contudo, esta exposição também se associa a mudanças positivas e crescimento psicológico (crescimento pós-traumático). Este estudo analisou qualitativamente a experiência de crescimento pós-traumático através de entrevistas a profissionais do INEM.
Método: A amostra incluiu 13 profissionais do INEM (M idade = 41,92; DP = 6,87) recrutados por divulgação interna e através de um antigo trabalhador. Após um questionário online, foram entrevistados os profissionais que reportaram ter experienciado um acontecimento potencialmente traumático vicariante. As entrevistas foram analisadas através da análise temática.
Resultados: A identificação com a vítima, familiares ou situação influencia o significado atribuído à experiência, desencadeando reações emocionais, cognitivas e físicas. Este significado é influenciado pela manutenção da exposição e pela gravidade subjetiva da situação. Para lidar com o evento, destacou-se o recurso a redes de apoio, o evitamento da partilha e estratégias diárias de gestão do trauma. As mudanças positivas centram-se nas crenças centrais, valorização da vida, força pessoal e relações interpessoais. Ocorre ainda uma revisão da relação laboral.
Conclusão: Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de respostas institucionais estruturadas de apoio à saúde mental dos profissionais de emergência pré-hospitalar, incluindo acompanhamento psicológico especializado e a criação de espaços formais e informais de partilha e processamento emocional.
Objective: The prevalence of mental health conditions among emergency medical services professionals may be due to recurrent exposure to traumatic events and human suffering, which can lead to vicarious trauma. However, this exposure is also associated with positive changes and psychological growth (post-traumatic growth). This study conducted a qualitative analysis of the experience of post-traumatic growth through interviews with INEM professionals. Method: The sample included 13 INEM professionals (M age = 41.92; SD = 6.87) recruited via internal advertising and through a former employee. Following an online questionnaire, those professionals who reported having experienced potentially traumatic vicarious event were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Identification with the victim, their family members or the situation influences the meaning attributed to the experience, triggering emotional, cognitive and physical reactions. This meaning is influenced by the duration of exposure and the subjective severity of the situation. To cope with the event, the use of support networks, avoidance of sharing the experience and daily trauma management strategies were highlighted. Positive changes centre on core beliefs, appreciation of life, personal strength and interpersonal relationships. There is also a reassessment of the working relationship. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for structured institutional responses to support the mental health of pre-hospital emergency care professionals, including specialist psychological support and the creation of formal and informal spaces for sharing and processing emotions.
Objective: The prevalence of mental health conditions among emergency medical services professionals may be due to recurrent exposure to traumatic events and human suffering, which can lead to vicarious trauma. However, this exposure is also associated with positive changes and psychological growth (post-traumatic growth). This study conducted a qualitative analysis of the experience of post-traumatic growth through interviews with INEM professionals. Method: The sample included 13 INEM professionals (M age = 41.92; SD = 6.87) recruited via internal advertising and through a former employee. Following an online questionnaire, those professionals who reported having experienced potentially traumatic vicarious event were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Identification with the victim, their family members or the situation influences the meaning attributed to the experience, triggering emotional, cognitive and physical reactions. This meaning is influenced by the duration of exposure and the subjective severity of the situation. To cope with the event, the use of support networks, avoidance of sharing the experience and daily trauma management strategies were highlighted. Positive changes centre on core beliefs, appreciation of life, personal strength and interpersonal relationships. There is also a reassessment of the working relationship. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for structured institutional responses to support the mental health of pre-hospital emergency care professionals, including specialist psychological support and the creation of formal and informal spaces for sharing and processing emotions.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Crescimento pós-traumático Trauma vicariante Profissionais de emergência médica Análise temática Entrevista semi-estruturada